{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:46:00Z","timestamp":1772858760862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            strains deliver variable numbers of type III effector proteins into plant cells during infection. These proteins are required for virulence, because strains incapable of delivering them are nonpathogenic. We implemented a whole-genome, high-throughput screen for identifying\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            type III effector genes. The screen relied on FACS and an arabinose-inducible\n            <jats:italic>hrpL<\/jats:italic>\n            \u03c3 factor to automate the identification and cloning of HrpL-regulated genes. We determined whether candidate genes encode type III effector proteins by creating and testing full-length protein fusions to a reporter called \u039479AvrRpt2 that, when fused to known type III effector proteins, is translocated and elicits a hypersensitive response in leaves of\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n            expressing the RPS2 plant disease resistance protein. \u039479AvrRpt2 is thus a marker for type III secretion system-dependent translocation, the most critical criterion for defining type III effector proteins. We describe our screen and the collection of type III effector proteins from two pathovars of\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            . This stringent functional criteria defined 29 type III proteins from\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            pv.\n            <jats:italic>tomato<\/jats:italic>\n            , and 19 from\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            pv.\n            <jats:italic>phaseolicola<\/jats:italic>\n            race 6. Our data provide full functional annotation of the\n            <jats:italic>hrpL<\/jats:italic>\n            -dependent type III effector suites from two sequenced\n            <jats:italic>P. syringae<\/jats:italic>\n            pathovars and show that type III effector protein suites are highly variable in this pathogen, presumably reflecting the evolutionary selection imposed by the various host plants.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409660102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,9]],"date-time":"2005-02-09T04:03:45Z","timestamp":1107921825000},"page":"2549-2554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["A high-throughput, near-saturating screen for type III effector genes from\n            <i>Pseudomonas syringae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Jeff H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Urbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Terry F.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Larry W.","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Saurabh","family":"Gombar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Sarah R.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Frederick M.","family":"Ausubel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. Box 12257, 3054 Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709"}]},{"given":"Jeffery L.","family":"Dangl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biology CB#3280 and Microbiology and Immunology CB#7290, and Curriculum in Genetics, Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139; and Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., P.O. 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