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Relevant to the mechanism potentially underlying this finding, we also present data from experimental studies in mice showing that elevated plasma Trx efficiently blocks lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chemotaxis, an innate immune mechanism that is particularly crucial when adaptive immunity is compromised. Thus, we propose that elevated plasma Trx in HIV-infected individuals with low CD4 T cell counts directly impairs survival by blocking pathogen-induced chemotaxis, effectively eliminating the last (innate) barrier against establishment of opportunistic and other infections in these immunodeficient individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.041624998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:36:44Z","timestamp":1027694204000},"page":"2688-2693","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Chronic elevation of plasma thioredoxin: Inhibition of chemotaxis and curtailment of life expectancy in AIDS"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Hajime","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305-5318; Department of Biological Responses, Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, Istituto Mario Negri, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen C.","family":"De Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305-5318; Department of Biological Responses, Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; and Department of Biochemistry, Istituto Mario Negri, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Yodoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA 94305-5318; Department of Biological Responses, Institute of Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8397, Japan; 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