{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:21:32Z","timestamp":1790911292109,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered set of regulatory genes that constitute up to an estimated 1% of the total number of genes in animal genomes, including\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , mouse, and humans [Lagos-Quintana, M., Rauhut, R., Lendeckel, W. &amp; Tuschl, T. (2001)\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    294, 853\u2013858; Lai, E. C., Tomancak, P., Williams, R. W. &amp; Rubin, G.M. (2003)\n                    <jats:italic>Genome Biol.<\/jats:italic>\n                    4, R42; Lau, N. C., Lim, L. P., Weinstein, E. G. &amp; Bartel, D. P. (2001)\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    294, 858\u2013862; Lee, R. C. &amp; Ambros, V. (2001)\n                    <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n                    294, 862-8644; and Lee, R. C., Feinbaum, R. L. &amp; Ambros, V. (1993)\n                    <jats:italic>Cell<\/jats:italic>\n                    115, 787\u2013798]. In animals, miRNAs regulate genes by attenuating protein translation through imperfect base pair binding to 3\u2032 UTR sequences of target genes. A major challenge in understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs is to accurately predict regulated targets. We have developed an algorithm for predicting targets that does not rely on evolutionary conservation. As one of the features of this algorithm, we incorporate the folded structure of mRNA. By using\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    miRNAs as a test case, we have validated our predictions in 10 of 15 genes tested. One of these validated genes is\n                    <jats:italic>mad<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a target for\n                    <jats:italic>bantam<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Furthermore, our computational and experimental data suggest that miRNAs have fewer targets than previously reported.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500775102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,28]],"date-time":"2005-02-28T20:24:54Z","timestamp":1109622294000},"page":"4006-4009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Incorporating structure to predict microRNA targets"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Harlan","family":"Robins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1020"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1020"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W.","family":"Padgett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Olden Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540; and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Waksman Institute, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1020"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1064703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097434"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00616-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10046"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90530-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81906-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00127-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00124-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(03)00250-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00231-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)01018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00818163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2003-5-1-r1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"1","volume":"1","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stark, A., Brennecke, J., Russell, R. B. & Cohen, S. M. (2003) PloS Biol. 1, 1\u20133.","journal-title":"PloS Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2003.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184704"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0500775102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T10:05:35Z","timestamp":1649757935000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0500775102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,28]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0500775102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0500775102","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1025879.318844","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-12-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-02-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}