{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T05:25:55Z","timestamp":1775712355512,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plants sense phosphate (Pi) deficiency and initiate signaling that controls adaptive responses necessary for Pi acquisition. Herein, evidence establishes that AtSIZ1 is a plant small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase and is a focal controller of Pi starvation-dependent responses. T-DNA insertional mutated alleles of\n                    <jats:italic>AtSIZ1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (At5g60410) cause\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to exhibit exaggerated prototypical Pi starvation responses, including cessation of primary root growth, extensive lateral root and root hair development, increase in root\/shoot mass ratio, and greater anthocyanin accumulation, even though intracellular Pi levels in\n                    <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants were similar to wild type. AtSIZ1 has SUMO E3 ligase activity\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and immunoblot analysis revealed that the protein sumoylation profile is impaired in\n                    <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic>\n                    plants. AtSIZ1-GFP was localized to nuclear foci. Steadystate transcript abundances of Pi starvation-responsive genes\n                    <jats:italic>AtPT2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>AtPS2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>AtPS3<\/jats:italic>\n                    were moderate but clearly greater in\n                    <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic>\n                    seedlings than in wild type, where Pi is sufficient. Pi starvation induced the expression of these genes to the same extent in\n                    <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and wild-type seedlings. However, two other Pi starvation-responsive genes,\n                    <jats:italic>AtIPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AtRNS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , are induced more slowly in\n                    <jats:italic>siz1<\/jats:italic>\n                    seedlings by Pi limitation. PHR1, a MYB transcriptional activator of\n                    <jats:italic>AtIPS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>AtRNS1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is an AtSIZ1 sumoylation target. These results indicate that AtSIZ1 is a SUMO E3 ligase and that sumoylation is a control mechanism that acts both negatively and positively on different Pi deficiency responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500778102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,13]],"date-time":"2005-05-13T20:26:04Z","timestamp":1116015964000},"page":"7760-7765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":521,"title":["The\n                    <i>Arabidopsis<\/i>\n                    SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 controls phosphate deficiency responses"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"Miura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Rus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Altanbadralt","family":"Sharkhuu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Athikkattuvalasu S.","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Kashchandra G.","family":"Raghothama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dongwon","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Yoon Duck","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Jing Bo","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ray A.","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; and Environmental Biotechnology National Core Research Center and Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea"}]},{"given":"Dae-Jin","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; 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