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Using stochastic modeling, we have discovered that diploid male production (DMP) can initiate a rapid and previously uncharacterized extinction vortex. The extinction rate in haplodiploid populations with DMP is an order of magnitude greater than in its absence under realistic but conservative demographic parameter values. Furthermore, DMP alone can elevate the base extinction risk in haplodiploids by over an order of magnitude higher than that caused by inbreeding depression in threatened diploids. Thus, contrary to previous expectations, haplodiploids are more, rather than less, prone to extinction for genetic reasons. Our findings necessitate a fundamental shift in approaches to the conservation and population biology of these ecologically and economically crucial insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502271102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]],"date-time":"2005-07-14T20:24:52Z","timestamp":1121372692000},"page":"10742-10746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":276,"title":["Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Amro","family":"Zayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00055.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"LaSalle J. & Gauld I. 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