{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T22:18:36Z","timestamp":1778365116276,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Different maize inbred lines are polymorphic for the presence or absence of genic sequences at various allelic chromosomal locations. In the\n            <jats:italic>bz<\/jats:italic>\n            genomic region, located in\n            <jats:italic>9S<\/jats:italic>\n            , sequences homologous to four different genes from rice and\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n            are present in line McC but absent from line B73. It is shown here that this apparent intraspecific violation of genetic colinearity arises from the movement of genes or gene fragments by\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            s, a recently discovered class of eukaryotic transposons. Two\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            s,\n            <jats:italic>HelA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>HelB<\/jats:italic>\n            , account for all of the genic differences distinguishing the two\n            <jats:italic>bz<\/jats:italic>\n            locus haplotypes.\n            <jats:italic>HelA<\/jats:italic>\n            is 5.9 kb long and contains sequences for three of the four genes found only in the McC\n            <jats:italic>bz<\/jats:italic>\n            genomic region. A nearly identical copy of\n            <jats:italic>HelA<\/jats:italic>\n            was isolated from a\n            <jats:italic>5S<\/jats:italic>\n            chromosomal location in B73. Both the\n            <jats:italic>9S<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>5S<\/jats:italic>\n            sites appear to be polymorphic in maize, suggesting that these\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            s have been active recently.\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            s lack the strong predictive terminal features of other transposons, so the definition of their ends is greatly facilitated by the identification of their vacant sites in\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            -minus lines. The ends of the 2.7-kb\n            <jats:italic>HelB Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            were discerned from a comparison of the McC haplotype sequence with that of yet a third line, Mo17, because the\n            <jats:italic>HelB<\/jats:italic>\n            vacant site is deleted in B73. Maize\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            s resemble rice Pack-MULEs in their ability to capture genes or gene fragments from several loci and move them around the genome, features that confer on them a potential role in gene evolution.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502923102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T00:25:46Z","timestamp":1118449546000},"page":"9068-9073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":227,"title":["Gene movement by\n            <i>Helitron<\/i>\n            transposons contributes to the haplotype variability of maize"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855; and Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855; and Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Messing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855; and Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo K.","family":"Dooner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Waksman Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855; and Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.141221898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022635499"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.132259199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/anbo.1998.0746"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.188201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406163101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1032999100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.025627"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.028225"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.268302"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1466204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151269298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.008375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03148"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.171326198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-004-6636-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5288.765"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.197301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.006338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","unstructured":"del Pilar Garcillan-Barcia M. 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