{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T18:40:04Z","timestamp":1773427204816,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"47","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            MicroRNAs (miRNAs) repress translation of target mRNAs by interaction with partially mismatched sequences in their 3\u2032 UTR. The mechanism by which they act on translation has remained largely obscure. We examined the translation of mRNAs containing four partially mismatched miRNA-binding sites in the 3\u2032 UTR in HeLa cells cotransfected with a cognate miRNA. The mRNAs were prepared by\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            transcription and were engineered to employ different modes of translation initiation. We find that the 5\u2032 cap structure and the 3\u2032 poly(A) tail are each necessary but not sufficient for full miRNA-mediated repression of mRNA translation. Replacing the cap structure with an internal ribosome entry site from either the cricket paralysis virus or the encephalomyocarditis virus impairs miRNA-mediated repression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that miRNAs interfere with the initiation step of translation and implicate the cap-binding protein eukaryotic initiation factor 4E as a molecular target.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506482102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,16]],"date-time":"2005-11-16T03:08:43Z","timestamp":1132110523000},"page":"16961-16966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":470,"title":["MicroRNAs control translation initiation by inhibiting eukaryotic initiation factor 4E\/cap and poly(A) tail function"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"David T.","family":"Humphreys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (VCCRI), 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst (Sydney) NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda J.","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (VCCRI), 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst (Sydney) NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David I. K.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (VCCRI), 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst (Sydney) NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Preiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Genetics Program, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute (VCCRI), 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst (Sydney) NSW 2010, Australia; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia; and St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1109020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03076"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"115.1","volume":"5","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lai, E. C. (2004) Genome Biol. 5, 115.1-115.6.15345038","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1328"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00231-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2004.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.18.012502.105832"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1999.9523"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2001.0563"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1064703"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1630797100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00541-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.7131604"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1115079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.038"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1113329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(03)00009-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.10362"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200309008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.7258505"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.07.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.14.11.7322-7330.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.14.4990-4999.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00212-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.276504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.891101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1040803"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838200001679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.5.11.2108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/33192"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135583820100108X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1262905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2340405"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0506482102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T17:54:54Z","timestamp":1649786094000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0506482102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"47","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0506482102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0506482102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-07-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-10-05","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2005-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}