{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,14]],"date-time":"2025-12-14T12:03:25Z","timestamp":1765713805033},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"43","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>While investigating microRNA targets, we have found that human genes divide into two roughly equal populations, based on the fraction of A plus T bases in their 3\u2032 UTRs. Using the Gene Ontology database, we find significant functional differences between the two gene populations, with AT-rich genes implicated in transcription and translation processes, and GC-rich genes implicated in signal transduction and posttranslational protein modification. Better understanding of the background distribution of nucleotides in 3\u2032 UTRs may allow improved prediction of microRNA-targeted genes in humans. We predict at least 1,200 KnownGene transcripts to be regulated by microRNAs. The large majority of these microRNA targets are in the AT-rich 3\u2032 UTR population. However, notwithstanding this preference for AT-rich targets, microRNA targets are found preferentially to be regulatory genes themselves, including both transcription factors and posttranslational modifiers. These results suggest that some processes involving mRNA, of which microRNA regulation may be just one, require AT-richness of 3\u2032 UTRs for functionality. A relationship, not simply one-to-one, between these 3\u2032 UTR populations and large-scale genomic isochores is described.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507443102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,18]],"date-time":"2005-10-18T00:34:14Z","timestamp":1129595654000},"page":"15557-15562","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Human microRNAs target a functionally distinct population of genes with AT-rich 3\u2032 UTRs"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Harlan","family":"Robins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540; and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545"}]},{"given":"William H.","family":"Press","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540; and Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00045-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03315"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1274"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1184404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)01018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1536"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"1862","volume":"2","year":"2004","unstructured":"John, B., Enright, A. J., Aravin, A., Tuschl, T., Sander, C. & Marks, D. S. (2004) PLoS Biol. 2, 1862\u20131879.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0010013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500775102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh036"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLachlan G. & Peel D. 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