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Three carotenoid hydroxylases have already been identified in\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n            , two nonheme diiron \u03b2-ring monooxygenases (the\n            <jats:italic>B1<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B2<\/jats:italic>\n            loci) that primarily catalyze hydroxylation of the \u03b2-ring of \u03b2,\u03b2-carotenoids and one heme-containing monooxygenase (CYP97C1, the\n            <jats:italic>LUT1<\/jats:italic>\n            locus) that catalyzes hydroxylation of the \u03b5-ring of \u03b2,\u03b5-carotenoids. In this study, we demonstrate that\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n            CYP97A3 (the\n            <jats:italic>LUT5<\/jats:italic>\n            locus) encodes a fourth carotenoid hydroxylase with major\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            activity toward the \u03b2-ring of \u03b1-carotene (\u03b2,\u03b5-carotene) and minor activity on the \u03b2-rings of \u03b2-carotene (\u03b2,\u03b2-carotene). A\n            <jats:italic>cyp97a3<\/jats:italic>\n            -null allele,\n            <jats:italic>lut5-1<\/jats:italic>\n            , causes an accumulation of \u03b1-carotene at a level equivalent to \u03b2-carotene in wild type, which is stably incorporated into photosystems, and a 35% reduction in \u03b2-carotene-derived xanthophylls. That\n            <jats:italic>lut5-1<\/jats:italic>\n            still produces 80% of wild-type lutein levels, indicating at least one of the other carotene hydroxylases, can partially compensate for the loss of CYP97A3 activity. From these data, we propose a model for the preferred pathway for lutein synthesis in plants: ring cyclizations to form \u03b1-carotene, \u03b2-ring hydroxylation of \u03b1-carotene by CYP97A3 to produce zeinoxanthin, followed by \u03b5-ring hydroxylation of zeinoxanthin by CYP97C1 to produce lutein.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511207103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,22]],"date-time":"2006-02-22T04:03:47Z","timestamp":1140581027000},"page":"3474-3479","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":234,"title":["Defining the primary route for lutein synthesis in plants: The role of\n            <i>Arabidopsis<\/i>\n            carotenoid \u03b2-ring hydroxylase CYP97A3"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Joonyul","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and"},{"name":"Michigan State University\u2013Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1319"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"DellaPenna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-5065-0_1","volume-title":"Key to Carotenoids","author":"Straub O.","year":"1987","unstructured":"O. 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