{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:09:00Z","timestamp":1761862140754},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Less than 100 cis-regulatory DNAs have been characterized in the context of transgenic metazoan embryos. Here we investigate the feasibility of conducting a genome-wide search for tissue-specific enhancers in the ascidian\n            <jats:italic>Ciona intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n            . A total of 138 random genomic DNA fragments with an average size of 1.7 kb were separately placed 5\u2032 of a\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            reporter gene. Eleven of the\n            <jats:italic>lacZ<\/jats:italic>\n            fusion genes displayed localized patterns of expression in tadpole-stage\n            <jats:italic>Ciona<\/jats:italic>\n            embryos. At least five of these transgenes appear to contain bona fide tissue-specific enhancers that direct expression in the cerebral vesicle, neural tube, primordial adhesive organ, notochord, and tail epidermis. One of the enhancers maps near\n            <jats:italic>Distalless<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>Ci-Dll-A<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and recapitulates most aspects of the endogenous expression pattern, including localized expression in the anterior-most regions of the neurogenic ectoderm. We discuss the prospects of creating a regulatory atlas of the\n            <jats:italic>Ciona<\/jats:italic>\n            genome, whereby every enhancer is identified for every gene.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052024999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:46:49Z","timestamp":1027694809000},"page":"6802-6805","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Genome-wide identification of tissue-specific enhancers in the\n            <i>Ciona<\/i>\n            tadpole"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Naoe","family":"Harafuji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David N.","family":"Keys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Levine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics and Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35057062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(97)80058-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02081-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.161800"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00481-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","volume-title":"Genomic Regulatory Systems: Development and Evolution","author":"Davidson E H","year":"2001","unstructured":"E H Davidson Genomic Regulatory Systems: Development and Evolution (Academic, San Diego, 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-0436.2001.068001001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Developmental Biology of Ascidians","author":"Satoh N","year":"1994","unstructured":"N Satoh Developmental Biology of Ascidians (Cambridge Univ. 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