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Both RIG-I and mda-5 can bind polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid (polyI:C), the synthetic analog of viral dsRNA, and mediate type I IFN responses to polyI:C and multiple RNA viruses\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . We generated mda-5-deficient mice and showed that mda-5 is the dominant receptor mediating type I IFN secretion in response to polyI:C\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . Moreover, mda-5\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibited a selectively impaired antiviral response to encephalomyocarditis picornavirus, indicating functional specialization of mda-5\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603082103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,20]],"date-time":"2006-05-20T00:43:53Z","timestamp":1148085833000},"page":"8459-8464","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":946,"title":["Essential role of mda-5 in type I IFN responses to polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid and encephalomyocarditis picornavirus"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Leonid","family":"Gitlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}]},{"given":"Winfried","family":"Barchet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Gilfillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Cella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8118, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110;"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Beutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; 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