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One candidate of interest is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which was initially characterized for its role in angiogenesis, but also exerts direct mitogenic effects on neural progenitors\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Results of this study demonstrate that VEGF is induced by multiple classes of antidepressants at time points consistent with the induction of cell proliferation and therapeutic action of these treatments. We find that VEGF signaling through the Flk-1 receptor is required for antidepressant-induced cell proliferation. We also show that VEGF-Flk-1 signaling is required and sufficient for behavioral responses in two chronic and two subchronic antidepressant models. Taken together, these studies identify VEGF and VEGF-Flk-1 signaling as mediators of antidepressant actions and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610282104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T20:44:34Z","timestamp":1173127474000},"page":"4647-4652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":367,"title":["VEGF is an essential mediator of the neurogenic and behavioral actions of antidepressants"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Warner-Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508"}]},{"given":"Ronald S.","family":"Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06508"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/NMM:5:1:011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-11-07539.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-08-03251.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3741-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0603-669"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182296499"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.2004.tb00060.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2577-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1312256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.16.7533"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.10103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001002)425:4<479::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10841.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-09104.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(00)00228-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20155"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-06-02027.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm980123i"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"99","volume":"59","author":"Fong TA","year":"1999","unstructured":"TA Fong, LK Shawver, L Sun, C Tang, H App, TJ Powell, YH Kim, R Schreck, X Wang, W Risau, et al. 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