{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:49:33Z","timestamp":1772783373997,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            By using differential display PCR, we have identified 98 cDNA fragments from the rat dorsal hippocampus that are expressed differentially between the fast learners and slow learners in the water maze learning task. One of these cDNA fragments encodes the rat serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            ) gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that the\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            mRNA level was approximately 4-fold higher in the hippocampus of fast learners than slow learners.\n            <jats:italic>In situ<\/jats:italic>\n            hybridization results indicated that\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            mRNA level was increased markedly in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus of hippocampus in fast learners. Transient transfection of the\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant DNA to the CA1 area impaired, whereas transfection of the\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            wild-type DNA facilitated water maze performance in rats. These results provide direct evidence that enhanced\n            <jats:italic>sgk<\/jats:italic>\n            expression facilitates memory consolidation of spatial learning in rats. These results also elucidate the molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced memory facilitation in mammals.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.062405399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:37:36Z","timestamp":1027694256000},"page":"3990-3995","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["<i>sgk<\/i>\n            , a primary glucocorticoid-induced gene, facilitates memory consolidation of spatial learning in rats"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Kuen J.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shau K.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun L.","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei L.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eminy H. Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.96.3.518","volume":"96","author":"Davis H P","year":"1984","unstructured":"H P Davis, L R Squire Psychol Bull 96, 518\u2013559 (1984).","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.40.020189.002121","volume":"40","author":"Matthies H","year":"1989","unstructured":"H Matthies Annu Rev Psychol 40, 381\u2013404 (1989).","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(92)90051-4","volume":"13","author":"Lee E H Y","year":"1992","unstructured":"E H Y Lee, H C Hung, K T Lu, W H Chen, H Y Chen Peptides 13, 927\u2013937 (1992).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(88)90080-3","volume":"1","author":"Castelluci V F","year":"1988","unstructured":"V F Castelluci, T E Kennedy, E R Kandel, P Goelet Neuron 1, 321\u2013328 (1988).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.24.13460","volume":"93","author":"Tully T","year":"1996","unstructured":"T Tully Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93, 13460\u201313467 (1996).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(80)90082-2","volume":"5","author":"Popov N","year":"1980","unstructured":"N Popov, S Schulzeck, W Pohle, H Matthies Neuroscience 5, 161\u2013167 (1980).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199705060-00013","volume":"8","author":"Huang A M","year":"1997","unstructured":"A M Huang, E H Y Lee NeuroReport 8, 1619\u20131624 (1997).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-11-04305.1998","volume":"18","author":"Huang A M","year":"1998","unstructured":"A M Huang, H L Wang, Y P Tang, E H Y Lee J Neurosci 18, 4305\u20134313 (1998).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.6.5.448","volume":"6","author":"Chang H P","year":"1999","unstructured":"H P Chang, F P Lindberg, H L Wang, A M Huang, E H Y Lee Learn Mem 6, 448\u2013457 (1999).","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/297681a0","volume":"297","author":"Morris R G M","year":"1982","unstructured":"R G M Morris, P Garrud, J N P Rawlins, J O'Keefe Nature (London) 297, 681\u2013683 (1982).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9697","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.21.9697","volume":"92","author":"Moser M B","year":"1995","unstructured":"M B Moser, E I Moser, E Forrest, P Andersen, R G M Morris Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 9697\u20139701 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.1996.7.16-1947","volume":"7","author":"Abdallah B","year":"1996","unstructured":"B Abdallah, A Hassan, C Benoist, D Goula, J P Behr, B A Demeneix Human Gene Ther 7, 1947\u20131954 (1996).","journal-title":"Human Gene Ther"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)90090-6","volume":"26","author":"Imaizumi K","year":"1994","unstructured":"K Imaizumi, M Tsuda, A Wanaka, M Tohyama, T Takagi Mol Brain Res 26, 189\u2013196 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00014-6","volume":"79","author":"Hollister R D","year":"1997","unstructured":"R D Hollister, K J Page, B T Hyman Neuroscience 79, 1111\u20131119 (1997).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/18.11.3024","volume":"18","author":"Park J","year":"1999","unstructured":"J Park, M L Leong, P Buse, A C Maiyer, G L Firestone, B A Hemmings EMBO J 18, 3024\u20133033 (1999).","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"443","volume-title":"The Rat Nervous System","author":"Amaral D G","year":"1995","unstructured":"D G Amaral, M P Witter The Rat Nervous System, ed G Paxinos (Academic, 2nd Ed., New York), pp. 443\u2013493 (1995).","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"2031","volume":"13","author":"Webster M K","year":"1993","unstructured":"M K Webster, L Goya, Y Ge, A C Maiyar, G L Firestone Mol Cell Biol 13, 2031\u20132040 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-0760(00)00136-9","volume":"75","author":"Naray-Fejes-Toth A","year":"2000","unstructured":"A Naray-Fejes-Toth, G Fejes-Toth, K A Volk, J B Stokes J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 75, 51\u201356 (2000).","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16973","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.24.16973","volume":"274","author":"Naray-Fejes-Toth A","year":"1999","unstructured":"A Naray-Fejes-Toth, C Canessa, E S Cleaveland, G Aldrich, G Fejes-Toth J Biol Chem 274, 16973\u201316978 (1999).","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2000.00963.x","volume":"57","author":"Pearce D","year":"2000","unstructured":"D Pearce, F Verrey, S Y Chen, L Mastroberardino, O C Meijer, J Wang, A Bhargava Kidney Inter 57, 1283\u20131289 (2000).","journal-title":"Kidney Inter"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4440","volume":"94","author":"Waldegger S","year":"1997","unstructured":"S Waldegger, P Barth, G Raber, F Lang Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94, 4440\u20134445 (1997).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4652(199712)173:3<371::AID-JCP9>3.0.CO;2-K","volume":"173","author":"Delmolino L M","year":"1997","unstructured":"L M Delmolino, J J Castellot J Cell Physiol 173, 371\u2013379 (1997).","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(01)00351-3","volume":"103","author":"Lee E","year":"2001","unstructured":"E Lee, E S Lein, G L Firestone Mech Dev 103, 177\u2013181 (2001).","journal-title":"Mech Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(78)90096-1","volume":"58","author":"Olton D S","year":"1978","unstructured":"D S Olton, M Branch, P J Best Exp Neurol 58, 387\u2013409 (1978).","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237147","volume":"52","author":"McNaughton B L","year":"1983","unstructured":"B L McNaughton, C A Barnes, J O'Keefe Exp Brain Res 52, 41\u201349 (1983).","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/6365","volume":"2","author":"Gould E","year":"1999","unstructured":"E Gould, A V Beylin, P Tanapat, A Reeves, T J Shors Nat Neurosci 2, 260\u2013265 (1999).","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-09-03916.1993","volume":"13","author":"Moser E","year":"1993","unstructured":"E Moser, M B Moser, P Andersen J Neurosci 13, 3916\u20133925 (1993).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/378182a0","volume":"378","author":"Bannerman D","year":"1995","unstructured":"D Bannerman, M A Good, S P Butcher, M Ramsay, R G M Morris Nature (London) 378, 182\u2013186 (1995).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)81192-7","volume":"26","author":"Moser M B","year":"2000","unstructured":"M B Moser, E I Moser Neuron 26, 559\u2013561 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1155\/NP.1998.41","volume":"6","author":"Sandi C","year":"1998","unstructured":"C Sandi Neural Plast 6, 41\u201352 (1998).","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(99)00058-X","volume":"25","author":"Roozendaal B","year":"2000","unstructured":"B Roozendaal Psychoneuroendocrinology 25, 213\u2013238 (2000).","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.106.1.62","volume":"108","author":"Oitzl M S","year":"1992","unstructured":"M S Oitzl, E R de Kloet Behav Neurosci 108, 62\u201371 (1992).","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.110.5.1074","volume":"110","author":"Roozendaal B","year":"1996","unstructured":"B Roozendaal, G Portillo-Marquez, J L McGaugh Behav Neurosci 110, 1074\u20131083 (1996).","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.9.13.1608","volume":"9","author":"Cole T J","year":"1995","unstructured":"T J Cole, J A Blendy, A P Monaghan, K Krieglstein, W Schmid, A Aguzzi, G Fantuzzi, E Hummler, K Unsicker, G Sch\u00fctz Genes Dev 9, 1608\u20131621 (1995).","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01646.x","volume":"9","author":"Oitzl M S","year":"1997","unstructured":"M S Oitzl, E R de Kloet, M Joels, W Schmid, T J Cole Eur J Neurosci 9, 2284\u20132296 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12790","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231313998","volume":"98","author":"Oitzl M S","year":"2001","unstructured":"M S Oitzl, H M Reichardt, M Joels, E R de Kloet Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98, 12790\u201312795 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703030-00007","volume":"8","author":"Rousse I","year":"1997","unstructured":"I Rousse, S Beaulieu, W Rowe, M J Meaney, N Barden, J Rochford NeuroReport 8, 841\u2013845 (1997).","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","volume":"117","author":"Reul J M H M","year":"1985","unstructured":"J M H M Reul, E R de Kloet Endocrinology 117, 2505\u20132512 (1985).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.109.4.787","volume":"109","author":"van Steensel B","year":"1996","unstructured":"B van Steensel, E P van Binnendijk, C D Hornsby, H T van der Voort, Z S Krozowski, E R de Kloet, R van Driel J Cell Sci 109, 787\u2013792 (1996).","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(96)01105-4","volume":"26","author":"Morimoto M","year":"1996","unstructured":"M Morimoto, N Morita, H Ozawa, K Yokoyama, M Kawata Neurosci Res 26, 235\u2013269 (1996).","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01438-1","volume":"22","author":"de Kloet E R","year":"1999","unstructured":"E R de Kloet, M S Oitzl, M Joels Trends Neurosci 22, 422\u2013426 (1999).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00274-4","volume":"166","author":"Brennan F E","year":"2000","unstructured":"F E Brennan, P J Fuller Mol Cell Endocrinol 166, 129\u2013136 (2000).","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1998.00381.x","volume":"10","author":"Oitzl M S","year":"1998","unstructured":"M S Oitzl, M Fluttert, W Sutanto, E R de Kloet Eur J Neurosci 10, 3759\u20133766 (1998).","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)00776-7","volume":"738","author":"Pavlides C","year":"1996","unstructured":"C Pavlides, S Ogawa, A Kimura, B S McEwen Brain Res 738, 229\u2013235 (1996).","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.062405399","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T05:50:50Z","timestamp":1654581050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.062405399"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.062405399"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.062405399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2002-03-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}