{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:11:51Z","timestamp":1764349911451},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Negative cofactor 2 (NC2) forms a stable complex with TATA-binding protein (TBP) on promoters\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            . Its association with TBP prevents the binding of TFIIB and leads to inhibition of preinitiation complex formation. Here, we investigate the association of NC2 subunit-\u03b1 with human RNA polymerase II promoter regions by using gene-specific ChIP and genome-wide promoter ChIPchip analyses. We find NC2\u03b1 associated with a large number of human promoters, where it peaks close to the core regions. NC2 occupancy\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            positively correlates with mRNA levels, which perhaps reflects its capacity to stabilize TBP on promoter regions. In single gene analyses, we confirm core promoter binding and in addition map the NC2 complex to enhancer proximal regions. High-occupancy histone genes display a stable NC2\/TFIIB ratio during the cell cycle, which otherwise varies markedly from one gene to another. The latter is at least in part explained by an observed negative correlation of NC2 occupancy with the presence of the TFIIB recognition element in core promoter regions. Our data establish the genome-wide basis for general and gene-specific functions of NC2 in mammalian cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703490104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,5]],"date-time":"2007-06-05T01:32:29Z","timestamp":1181007149000},"page":"10000-10005","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Global distribution of negative cofactor 2 subunit-\u03b1 on human promoters"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Thomas K.","family":"Albert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gene Expression and"}]},{"given":"Korbinian","family":"Grote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomatix Software GmbH, Bayerstrasse 85a, 80335 Munich, Germany"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Boeing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gene Expression and"}]},{"given":"Gertraud","family":"Stelzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gene Expression and"}]},{"given":"Aloys","family":"Schepers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gene Vectors, GSF\u2013National Research Center for Environment and Health, Marchioninistrasse 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; and"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Meisterernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of *Gene Expression and"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(96)10050-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10409230600648736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90530-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90172-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00673.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.10.8.1033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.4.672"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.17.4.2057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3145"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.8.4455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.21.8.2736-2742.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.202236699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00683-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M406343200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5500.2306"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03877"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(03)70040-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.4887606"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(03)00140-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.9.2713"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb733"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0955-0674(92)90028-B"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-5-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-7-114"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01839.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.24.22.10072-10082.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2004.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M513613200"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00417-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(03)00887-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.23.8122-8134.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5493.982"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.234002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089769"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/377119a0"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0703490104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T20:47:36Z","timestamp":1649796456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0703490104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0703490104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0703490104","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-11-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-06-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}