{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T01:15:26Z","timestamp":1778548526577,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"27","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Flowering time is a fundamental trait of maize adaptation to different agricultural environments. Although a large body of information is available on the map position of quantitative trait loci for flowering time, little is known about the molecular basis of quantitative trait loci. Through positional cloning and association mapping, we resolved the major flowering-time quantitative trait locus,\n                    <jats:italic>Vegetative to generative transition 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Vgt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), to an \u22482-kb noncoding region positioned 70 kb upstream of an\n                    <jats:italic>Ap2<\/jats:italic>\n                    -like transcription factor that we have shown to be involved in flowering-time control.\n                    <jats:italic>Vgt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    functions as a cis-acting regulatory element as indicated by the correlation of the\n                    <jats:italic>Vgt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles with the transcript expression levels of the downstream gene. Additionally, within\n                    <jats:italic>Vgt1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we identified evolutionarily conserved noncoding sequences across the maize\u2013sorghum\u2013rice lineages. Our results support the notion that changes in distant cis-acting regulatory regions are a key component of plant genetic adaptation throughout breeding and evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704145104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,26]],"date-time":"2007-06-26T20:39:11Z","timestamp":1182890351000},"page":"11376-11381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":538,"title":["Conserved noncoding genomic sequences associated with a flowering-time quantitative trait locus in maize"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Silvio","family":"Salvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sponza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Morgante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dwight","family":"Tomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomu","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Fengler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Station, Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19880; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Meeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evgueni V.","family":"Ananiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Svitashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Bruggemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bailin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Station, Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19880; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine F.","family":"Hainey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Station, Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19880; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Slobodanka","family":"Radovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusi","family":"Zaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze, 208, 33100 Udine, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.-Antoni","family":"Rafalski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Station, Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19880; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott V.","family":"Tingey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Station, Crop Genetics Research and Development, DuPont, Wilmington, DE 19880; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guo-Hua","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pioneer Hi-Bred International, 7250 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald L.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, 411 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Tuberosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Department of Agroenvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.genet.38.072902.092425"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"591","volume-title":"Corn and Corn Improvement","author":"Shaw HS","year":"1977","unstructured":"HS Shaw Corn and Corn Improvement, ed GF Sprague (Am Soc Agron, Madison, WI), pp. 591\u2013623 (1977)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.032375"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90135"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.048603"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Mutants of Maize","author":"Neuffer MG","year":"1997","unstructured":"MG Neuffer, EH Coe, SR Wessler Mutants of Maize (Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1997)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-005-0050-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81188-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.106.088815"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"135","volume":"47","author":"Phillips RL","year":"1992","unstructured":"RL Phillips, TS Kim, SM Kaeppler, SN Parentoni, DL Shaver, RI Stucker, SJ Openshaw Proc Ann Corn and Sorghum Res Conf 47, 135\u2013150 (1992).","journal-title":"Proc Ann Corn and Sorghum Res Conf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/153.2.993"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014838024509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.7076"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.016238"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1615"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.4.1411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2135\/cropsci1994.0011183X003400040010x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/g96-120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101659"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/141.1.391"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2005.02591.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201394398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","first-page":"199","volume":"40","author":"Bennett MD","year":"1995","unstructured":"MD Bennett, DA Laurie Maydica 40, 199\u2013204 (1995).","journal-title":"Maydica"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.012526"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.025700"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503927102"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.125.3.1198"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611574104"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052139599"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.010181"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2004.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg1527"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/162.2.917"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1784"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126410"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0704145104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T16:05:01Z","timestamp":1649779501000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0704145104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"27","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0704145104"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0704145104","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1090164.543380","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-07-03","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}