{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T07:12:38Z","timestamp":1777533158105,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"41","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Bacterial populations are subject to complex processes of diversification that involve mutation and horizontal DNA transfer mediated by transformation, transduction, or conjugation. Tracing the evolutionary events leading to genetic changes allows us to infer the history of a microbe. Here, we combine experimental and\n            <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n            approaches to explore the forces that drive the genome dynamics of\n            <jats:italic>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n            , the leading cause of neonatal infections. We demonstrate that large DNA segments of up to 334 kb of the chromosome of\n            <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n            can be transferred through conjugation from multiple initiation sites. Consistently, a genome-wide map analysis of nucleotide polymorphisms among eight human isolates demonstrated that each chromosome is a mosaic of large chromosomal fragments from different ancestors suggesting that large DNA exchanges have contributed to the genome dynamics in the natural population. The analysis of the resulting genetic flux led us to propose a model for the evolutionary history of this species in which clonal complexes of clinical importance derived from a single clone that evolved by exchanging large chromosomal regions with more distantly related strains. The emergence of this clone could be linked to selective sweeps associated with the reduction of genetic diversity in three regions within a large panel of human isolates. Up to now sex in bacteria has been assumed to involve mainly small regions; our results define\n            <jats:italic>S. agalactiae<\/jats:italic>\n            as an alternative paradigm in the study of bacterial evolution.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803654105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,3]],"date-time":"2008-10-03T00:25:36Z","timestamp":1222993536000},"page":"15961-15966","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Shaping a bacterial genome by large chromosomal replacements, the evolutionary history of\n            <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Mathieu","family":"Brochet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des G\u00e9nomes Bact\u00e9riens, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2171;"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Rusniok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Bact\u00e9ries Intracellulaires, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2171;"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Couv\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des G\u00e9nomes Bact\u00e9riens, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2171;"}]},{"given":"Shaynoor","family":"Dramsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Bact\u00e9ries Pathog\u00e8nes \u00e0 Gram Positif, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2172, 28 rue du Dr Roux F-75724 Paris cedex 15; and"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Poyart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence des Streptocoques, APHP, INSERM 567, Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes, Paris, France"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Trieu-Cuot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie des Bact\u00e9ries Pathog\u00e8nes \u00e0 Gram Positif, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2172, 28 rue du Dr Roux F-75724 Paris cedex 15; and"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Kunst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des G\u00e9nomes Bact\u00e9riens, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2171;"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Institut Pasteur, Unit\u00e9 de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique des G\u00e9nomes Bact\u00e9riens, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique URA 2171;"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/349029a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"Exploring the concept of clonality in bacteria","volume":"266","author":"Spratt BG","year":"2004","unstructured":"BG Spratt, Exploring the concept of clonality in bacteria. 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Annales de l'Institut Pasteur 1, 109\u2013127 (1887).","journal-title":"Annales de l'Institut Pasteur"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)93202-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.3.497"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2530-2536.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2161-2167.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506758102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.8.3727-3733.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00824-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03126.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/158558a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.12.3538-3546.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04824.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"Geographic components of linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Escherichia coli","volume":"1","author":"Whittam TS","year":"1983","unstructured":"TS Whittam, H Ochman, RK Selander, Geographic components of linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Evol 1, 67\u201383 (1983).","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/99.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182380799"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80402-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.24.8463-8471.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1080613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1830"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/dnares\/dsm018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.4.1060-1064.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05255.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00859-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09782.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.11.3628-3635.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05190.x"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.0803654105","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T20:24:39Z","timestamp":1649795079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.0803654105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.0803654105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0803654105","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-04-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-10-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}