{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T06:23:31Z","timestamp":1769754211928,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Drug abuse is a worldwide health concern in which addiction involves activation of the dopaminergic signaling pathway in the brain. Here, we introduce a nanotechnology approach that utilizes gold nanorod-DARPP-32 siRNA complexes (nanoplexes) that target this dopaminergic signaling pathway in the brain. The shift in the localized longitudinal plasmon resonance peak of gold nanorods (GNRs) was used to show their interaction with siRNA. Plasmonic enhanced dark field imaging was used to visualize the uptake of these nanoplexes in dopaminergic neurons in vitro. Gene silencing of the nanoplexes in these cells was evidenced by the reduction in the expression of key proteins (DARPP-32, ERK, and PP-1) belonging to this pathway, with no observed cytotoxicity. Moreover, these nanoplexes were shown to transmigrate across an in vitro model of the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB). Therefore, these nanoplexes appear to be suited for brain-specific delivery of appropriate siRNA for therapy of drug addiction and other brain diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901715106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,24]],"date-time":"2009-03-24T01:30:41Z","timestamp":1237858241000},"page":"5546-5550","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Nanotechnology approach for drug addiction therapy: Gene silencing using delivery of gold nanorod-siRNA nanoplex in dopaminergic neurons"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Adela C.","family":"Bonoiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Supriya D.","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, The State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Indrajit","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Ken-Tye","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Earl J.","family":"Bergey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]},{"given":"Stanley A.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, The State University of New York, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, NY 14203"}]},{"given":"Paras N.","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Lasers Photonics and Biophotonics, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260; and"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Biophotonics","author":"Prasad PN","year":"2004","unstructured":"PN Prasad Introduction to Biophotonics (Wiley, New York, 2004)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-005-8330-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2006.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc800148t"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1566"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80798-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00057-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408700102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-22-08443.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","first-page":"83","volume-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase induced gene regulation in brain: A molecular substrate for learning and memory?","author":"Valjent E","year":"2001","unstructured":"E Valjent, J Caboche, P Vanhoutte Mitogen-activated protein kinase\/extracellular signal-regulated kinase induced gene regulation in brain: A molecular substrate for learning and memory? 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