{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T22:51:35Z","timestamp":1781304695342,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"21","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which patients develop autoantibodies to DNA, histones, and often to neutrophil proteins. These form immune complexes that are pathogenic and may cause lupus nephritis. In SLE patients, infections can initiate flares and are a major cause of mortality. Neutrophils respond to infections and release extracellular traps (NETs), which are antimicrobial and are made of DNA, histones, and neutrophil proteins. The timely removal of NETs may be crucial for tissue homeostasis to avoid presentation of self-antigens. We tested the hypothesis that SLE patients cannot clear NETs, contributing to the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Here we show that serum endonuclease DNase1 is essential for disassembly of NETs. Interestingly, a subset of SLE patients\u2019 sera degraded NETs poorly. Two mechanisms caused this impaired NET degradation: (\n                    <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) the presence of DNase1 inhibitors or (\n                    <jats:italic>ii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) anti-NET antibodies prevented DNase1 access to NETs. Impairment of DNase1 function and failure to dismantle NETs correlated with kidney involvement. Hence, identification of SLE patients who cannot dismantle NETs might be a useful indicator of renal involvement. Moreover, NETs might represent a therapeutic target in SLE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0909927107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,3]],"date-time":"2010-05-03T22:02:58Z","timestamp":1272924178000},"page":"9813-9818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1298,"title":["Impairment of neutrophil extracellular trap degradation is associated with lupus nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Abdul","family":"Hakkim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular Microbiology and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara G.","family":"F\u00fcrnrohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Group N2, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine,"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine 3 (Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology), 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