{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T15:00:46Z","timestamp":1774450846154,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Extracellular invertase mediates phloem unloading via an apoplastic\n pathway. The gene encoding isoenzyme Nin88 from tobacco was cloned and\n shown to be characterized by a specific spatial and temporal expression\n pattern. Tissue-specific antisense repression of\n            <jats:italic>Nin88<\/jats:italic>\n            under control of the corresponding promoter in tobacco results in a\n block during early stages of pollen development, thus, causing male\n sterility. This result demonstrates a critical role of extracellular\n invertase in pollen development and strongly supports the essential\n function of extracellular sucrose cleavage for supplying carbohydrates\n to sink tissues via the apoplast. The specific interference with phloem\n unloading, the sugar status, and metabolic signaling during pollen\n formation will be a potentially valuable approach to induce male\n sterility in various crop species for hybrid seed production.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091097998","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:44:19Z","timestamp":1027694659000},"page":"6522-6527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":266,"title":["Induction of male sterility in plants by metabolic engineering of the carbohydrate supply"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Goetz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dietmute E.","family":"Godt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Guivarc'h","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Kahmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Chriqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Roitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Zellbiologie und Pflanzenphysiologie,\r Universit\u00e4t Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany;\r Laboratoire de Cytologie Exp\u00e9rimentale et\r Morphogen\u00e8se V\u00e9g\u00e9tale, Universit\u00e9 Pi\u00e9rre\r et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris, France; and Abteilung\r f\u00fcr Morphologie der Pflanzen und Feinbau der Zelle,\r Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"879","volume":"4","author":"Bedinger P","year":"1992","unstructured":"P Bedinger Plant Cell 4, 879\u2013887 (1992).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.2307\/3869779","volume":"5","author":"McCormick S","year":"1993","unstructured":"S McCormick Plant Cell 5, 1265\u20131275 (1993).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","first-page":"1217","volume":"5","author":"Goldberg R B","year":"1993","unstructured":"R B Goldberg, T P Beals, P M Sanders Plant Cell 5, 1217\u20131229 (1993).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00983304","volume":"149","author":"Pacini E","year":"1985","unstructured":"E Pacini, G G Franchi, M Hesse Plant Syst Evol 149, 155\u2013185 (1985).","journal-title":"Plant Syst Evol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Microspores: Evolution and Ontogeny","author":"Pacini E","year":"1991","unstructured":"E Pacini, G G Franchi Microspores: Evolution and Ontogeny, eds S Blackmore, S H Barnes (Academic, San Diego), pp. 213\u2013237 (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","volume-title":"Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics","author":"Kaul M L H","year":"1988","unstructured":"M L H Kaul Monographs on Theoretical and Applied Genetics (Springer, Berlin) 10 (1988)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.2307\/3869780","volume":"5","author":"Chaudhury A M","year":"1993","unstructured":"A M Chaudhury Plant Cell 5, 1277\u20131283 (1993).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","volume-title":"Agricultural Genetics","author":"Brewbaker J L","year":"1964","unstructured":"J L Brewbaker Agricultural Genetics (Prentice\u2013Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1964)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Hybrid Seed Production of Selected Cereal Oil and Vegetable Crops","author":"Feistritzer W R","year":"1987","unstructured":"W R Feistritzer, A F Kelly Hybrid Seed Production of Selected Cereal Oil and Vegetable Crops (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","volume-title":"The Theory of Plant Breeding","author":"Mayo H","year":"1980","unstructured":"H Mayo The Theory of Plant Breeding (Clarendon, Oxford, 1980)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/347737a0","volume":"347","author":"Mariani C","year":"1990","unstructured":"C Mariani, M DeBeuckeleer, J Truettner, J Leemans, R B Goldberg Nature (London) 347, 737\u2013741 (1990).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1038\/357384a0","volume":"357","author":"Mariani C","year":"1992","unstructured":"C Mariani, V Gossele, M DeBeuckeleer, M DeBlock, R B Goldberg, W DeGreef, J Leemans Nature (London) 357, 384\u2013387 (1992).","journal-title":"Nature (London)"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078784","volume":"36","author":"Tsuchiya T","year":"1995","unstructured":"T Tsuchiya, K Toriyama, M Yoshikawa, S Ejiri, K Hinata Plant Cell Physiol 36, 487\u2013494 (1995).","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"253","volume":"4","author":"van der Meer I M","year":"1992","unstructured":"I M van der Meer, M E Stam, A J van Tunen, J N M Mol, A R Stuitje Plant Cell 4, 253\u2013262 (1992).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03114.x","volume":"7","author":"Schm\u00fclling T","year":"1988","unstructured":"T Schm\u00fclling, J Schell, A Spena EMBO J 7, 2621\u20132629 (1988).","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00279442","volume":"237","author":"Schm\u00fclling T","year":"1993","unstructured":"T Schm\u00fclling, H R\u00f6hrig, S Pilz, R Walden, J Schell Mol Gen Genet 237, 385\u2013394 (1993).","journal-title":"Mol Gen Genet"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"759","volume":"4","author":"Worral D","year":"1992","unstructured":"D Worral, D L Hird, R Hodge, W Paul, J Draper, R Scott Plant Cell 4, 759\u2013771 (1992).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005946104983","volume":"36","author":"Hernould M","year":"1998","unstructured":"M Hernould, Suharsono, E Zabaleta, J P Carde, S Litvak, A Araya, A Mouras Plant Mol Biol 36, 499\u2013508 (1998).","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.120.2.615","volume":"120","author":"Napoli C A","year":"1999","unstructured":"C A Napoli, D Fahy, H Y Wang, L P Taylor Plant Phys 120, 615\u2013622 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant Phys"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1537-2197.1996.tb12727.x","volume":"83","author":"Cl\u00e9ment C","year":"1996","unstructured":"C Cl\u00e9ment, M Burrus, J C Audran Am J Bot 83, 459\u2013469 (1996).","journal-title":"Am J Bot"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01280246","volume":"187","author":"Cl\u00e9ment C","year":"1995","unstructured":"C Cl\u00e9ment, J C Audran Protoplasma 187, 172\u2013181 (1995).","journal-title":"Protoplasma"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","first-page":"69","volume-title":"Anther and Pollen. From Biology to Biotechnology","author":"Cl\u00e9ment C","year":"1999","unstructured":"C Cl\u00e9ment, J C Audran Anther and Pollen. From Biology to Biotechnology, eds C Cl\u00e9ment, E Pacini, J C Audran (Springer, Heidelberg), pp. 69\u201390 (1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.1.137","volume":"111","author":"Dorion S","year":"1996","unstructured":"S Dorion, S Lalonde, H S Saini Plant Physiol 111, 137\u2013145 (1996).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.121.1.1","volume":"121","author":"Sturm A","year":"1999","unstructured":"A Sturm Plant Physiol 121, 1\u20137 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","first-page":"815","volume":"27","author":"Roitsch T","year":"2000","unstructured":"T Roitsch, R Ehness, M Goetz, B Hause, M Hofmann, A K S Sinha Aust J Plant Physiol 27, 815\u2013825 (2000).","journal-title":"Aust J Plant Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1997.11030539.x","volume":"11","author":"Ehness R","year":"1997","unstructured":"R Ehness, T Roitsch Plant J 11, 539\u2013548 (1997).","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.115.1.273","volume":"115","author":"Godt D E","year":"1997","unstructured":"D E Godt, T Roitsch Plant Physiol 115, 273\u2013282 (1997).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006389013179","volume":"41","author":"Maddison A L","year":"1999","unstructured":"A L Maddison, P E Hedley, R C Meyer, N Aziz, D Davidson, G C Machray Plant Mol Biol 41, 741\u2013751 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90021-2","volume":"162","author":"Chomczynski P","year":"1987","unstructured":"P Chomczynski, N Sacchi Anal Biochem 162, 156\u2013159 (1987).","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00017807","volume":"30","author":"Guivarc'h A","year":"1996","unstructured":"A Guivarc'h, M Carneiro, F Vilaine, V Pautot, D Chriqui Plant Mol Biol 30, 125\u2013134 (1996).","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1126\/science.227.4691.1229","volume":"227","author":"Horsch R B","year":"1985","unstructured":"R B Horsch, J B Fry, N L Hoffmann, M Wallroth, D Eichholtz, S G Rogers, R T Fraley Science 227, 1229\u20131231 (1985).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","first-page":"726","volume":"5","author":"Fillatti J J","year":"1987","unstructured":"J J Fillatti, J Kiser, R Rose, L Comai Biotechnology 5, 726\u2013730 (1987).","journal-title":"Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(97)00025-3","volume":"1340","author":"Engels A","year":"1997","unstructured":"A Engels, U Kahmann, H G Ruppel, E K Pistorius Biochim Biophys Acta 1340, 33\u201344 (1997).","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3109\/10520298709108014","volume":"62","author":"Vergne P","year":"1987","unstructured":"P Vergne, I Delvallee, C Dumas Stain Technol 62, 299\u2013304 (1987).","journal-title":"Stain Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","first-page":"281","volume-title":"Methods in Molecular Biology 111","author":"Touraev A","year":"1999","unstructured":"A Touraev, E Heberle-Bors Methods in Molecular Biology 111, ed R D Hall (Humana, Totowa, NJ), pp. 281\u2013291 (1999)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.1.285","volume":"108","author":"Roitsch T","year":"1995","unstructured":"T Roitsch, M Bittner, D E Godt Plant Physiol 108, 285\u2013294 (1995).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1999.00628.x","volume":"20","author":"Goetz M","year":"1999","unstructured":"M Goetz, T Roitsch Plant J 20, 707\u2013711 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02667740","volume":"5","author":"Jefferson R A","year":"1987","unstructured":"R A Jefferson Plant Mol Biol Rep 5, 387\u2013405 (1987).","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/60.3.507","volume":"60","author":"Nelson O E","year":"1968","unstructured":"O E Nelson Genetics 60, 507\u2013524 (1968).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.2307\/3869340","volume":"2","author":"Koltunow A M","year":"1990","unstructured":"A M Koltunow, J Truettner, K H Cox, M Wallroth, R B Goldberg Plant Cell 2, 1201\u20131224 (1990).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(99)80036-3","volume":"2","author":"Roitsch T","year":"1999","unstructured":"T Roitsch Curr Opin Plant Biol 2, 198\u2013206 (1999).","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2307\/3869541","volume":"4","author":"Miller E M","year":"1992","unstructured":"E M Miller, P S Chourey Plant Cell 4, 297\u2013305 (1992).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.11.2.177","volume":"11","author":"Tang G Q","year":"1999","unstructured":"G Q Tang, M L\u00fcscher, A Sturm Plant Cell 11, 177\u2013189 (1999).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3033","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07499.x","volume":"9","author":"von Schaewen A","year":"1990","unstructured":"A von Schaewen, M Stitt, R Schmidt, U Sonnewald, L Willmitzer EMBO J 9, 3033\u20133043 (1990).","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","first-page":"1835","volume":"7","author":"Weber H","year":"1995","unstructured":"H Weber, L Borisjuk, U Heim, P Buchner, U Wobus Plant Cell 7, 1835\u20131846 (1995).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3054.1998.1030413.x","volume":"103","author":"Ranwala A P","year":"1998","unstructured":"A P Ranwala, W B Miller Physiol Plant 103, 541\u2013550 (1998).","journal-title":"Physiol Plant"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.2.825","volume":"108","author":"Greiner S","year":"1995","unstructured":"S Greiner, M Weil, S Krausgrill, T Rausch Plant Physiol 108, 825\u2013826 (1995).","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.091097998","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T05:03:49Z","timestamp":1654578229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.091097998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.091097998"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.091097998","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-02-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-05-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}