{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:08:15Z","timestamp":1777712895926,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"14","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T cells attack and destroy the insulin-producing pancreatic \u03b2 cells. CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are essential for this \u03b2 cell destruction, yet their specific antigenic targets are largely unknown. Here, we reveal that the autoantigen targeted by a prevalent population of pathogenic CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in nonobese diabetic mice is islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein (IGRP). Through tetramer technology, IGRP-reactive T cells are readily detected in islets and peripheral blood directly\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The human IGRP gene maps to a diabetes susceptibility locus, suggesting that IGRP also may be an antigen for pathogenic T cells in human type 1 diabetes and, thus, a new, potential target for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0932778100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,8]],"date-time":"2003-07-08T15:18:15Z","timestamp":1057677495000},"page":"8384-8388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":333,"title":["Identification of the \u03b2 cell antigen targeted by a prevalent population of pathogenic CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cells in autoimmune diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Scott M.","family":"Lieberman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingye","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliya","family":"Vinnitskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David V.","family":"Serreze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Shabanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donald F.","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanley G.","family":"Nathenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pere","family":"Santamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa P.","family":"DiLorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Cell Biology, and Medicine (Division of Endocrinology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461; Departments of Chemistry and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases and Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Health Sciences Centre, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1; and ..."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000060527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81106-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.21.12538"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6362005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/347151a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.41.2.183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/12465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35021081"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200316409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.5.2494","volume":"154","year":"1995","unstructured":"Santamaria, P., Utsugi, T., Park, B. 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