{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:57:23Z","timestamp":1774918643176,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"33","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Among the arsenal of plant-derived compounds activated upon attack by herbivores and pathogens are small peptides that initiate and amplify defense responses. However, only a handful of plant signaling peptides have been reported. Here, we have isolated a 12-aa peptide from soybean (\n            <jats:italic>Glycine max<\/jats:italic>\n            ) leaves that causes a pH increase of soybean suspension-cultured cell media within 10 min at low nanomolar concentrations, a response that is typical of other endogenous peptide elicitors and pathogen-derived elicitors. The amino acid sequence was determined and was found to be derived from a member of the subtilisin-like protease (subtilase) family. The sequence of the peptide was located within a region of the protein that is unique to subtilases in legume plants and not found within any other plant subtilases thus far identified. We have named this peptide signal\n            <jats:italic>\n              <jats:underline>G<\/jats:underline>\n              lycine\n              <jats:underline>m<\/jats:underline>\n              ax\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:underline>Sub<\/jats:underline>\n            tilase\n            <jats:underline>Pep<\/jats:underline>\n            tide (\n            <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic>\n            SubPep). The gene (Glyma18g48580) was expressed in all actively growing tissues of the soybean plant. Although transcription of Glyma18g48580 was not induced by wounding, methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylate, or ethephon, synthetic\n            <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic>\n            SubPep peptide, when supplied to soybean cultures, induced the expression of known defense-related genes, such as\n            <jats:italic>Cyp93A1<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Chib-1b<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>PDR12<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>achs<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n            <jats:italic>Gm<\/jats:italic>\n            SubPep is a unique plant defense peptide signal, cryptically embedded within a plant protein with an independent metabolic role, providing insights into plant defense mechanisms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007568107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]],"date-time":"2010-08-03T03:35:49Z","timestamp":1280806549000},"page":"14921-14925","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["A subtilisin-like protein from soybean contains an embedded, cryptic signal that activates defense-related genes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Pearce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and"}]},{"given":"Yube","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and"},{"name":"Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Barona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and"}]},{"given":"Clarence A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6340; and"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2009.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1996.10020331.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.35.060184.001331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cb.03.110187.001455"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092825"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2009.01943.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105346"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1999.00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.026765"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.10.4150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.103.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(00)00176-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-5975(84)90013-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.010484"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1934788100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603727103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703343104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602328103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811861106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.1995.7030381.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35081107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.201416998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M900370200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0907587106"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00229-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.63.251"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00023443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600086"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/12.5.691"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1697"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5409.1911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.15.7623"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.138669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm259"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.3903"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btm404"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"357","article-title":"TreeView: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers","volume":"12","author":"Page RDM","year":"1996","unstructured":"RDM Page, TreeView: An application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. 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