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The previously unrepresented order Dermoptera (flying lemurs) fell within Primates as the sister group of Anthropoidea, making Primates paraphyletic. This relationship was strongly supported. Lipotyphla (\u201cinsectivores\u201d) split into three distinct lineages: Erinaceomorpha, Tenrecomorpha, and Soricomorpha. Erinaceomorpha was the basal eutherian lineage. Sirenia (dugong) and Macroscelidea (elephant shrew) fell within the African clade. Pholidota (pangolin) joined the Cetferungulata as the sister group of Carnivora. The analyses identified monophyletic Pinnipedia with Otariidae (sea lions, fur seals) and Odobenidae (walruses) as sister groups to the exclusion of Phocidae (true seals).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.102164299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:46:49Z","timestamp":1027694809000},"page":"8151-8156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":303,"title":["Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Ulfur","family":"Arnason","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Adegoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Bodin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Erik W.","family":"Born","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Yuzine B.","family":"Esa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Gullberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Roger V.","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland; Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University of Malaysia, Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3053, Australia; and Astra Zeneca, S-431 83 M\u00f6lndal, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Axel","family":"Janke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Evolutionary Molecular Systematics, University of Lund, S-223 62 Lund, Sweden; Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, DK-3900 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