{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T09:19:45Z","timestamp":1773134385900,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Maintenance of genomic integrity and stable transmission of genetic\n information depend on a number of DNA repair processes. Failure to\n faithfully perform these processes can result in genetic alterations\n and subsequent development of cancer and other genetic diseases. In the\n eukaryote\n            <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n            , homologous\n recombination is the major pathway for repairing DNA double-strand\n breaks. The key role played by Rad52 in this pathway has been\n attributed to its ability to seek out and mediate annealing of\n homologous DNA strands. In this study, we find that\n            <jats:italic>S.\n cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n            Rad52 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) is\n fully functional in DNA repair and recombination. After induction of\n DNA double-strand breaks by \u03b3\n            <jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\n            irradiation, meiosis, or\n the\n            <jats:italic>HO<\/jats:italic>\n            endonuclease, Rad52-GFP relocalizes from a\n diffuse nuclear distribution to distinct foci. Interestingly, Rad52\n foci are formed almost exclusively during the S phase of mitotic cells,\n consistent with coordination between recombinational repair and DNA\n replication. This notion is further strengthened by the dramatic\n increase in the frequency of Rad52 focus formation observed in a\n            <jats:italic>pol12<\/jats:italic>\n            -\n            <jats:italic>100<\/jats:italic>\n            replication mutant and a\n            <jats:italic>mec1<\/jats:italic>\n            DNA damage checkpoint mutant. Furthermore, our data\n indicate that each Rad52 focus represents a center of recombinational\n repair capable of processing multiple DNA lesions.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121006298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:34:10Z","timestamp":1027694050000},"page":"8276-8282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":397,"title":["Rad52 forms DNA repair and recombination centers during S phase"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Lisby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia\r University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street,\r New York, NY 10032-2704; and Center for Process\r Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark,\r Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Rothstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia\r University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street,\r New York, NY 10032-2704; and Center for Process\r Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark,\r Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]},{"given":"Uffe H.","family":"Mortensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia\r University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th Street,\r New York, NY 10032-2704; and Center for Process\r Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark,\r Building 223, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"407","volume-title":"The Molecular & Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Genome Dynamics, Protein Synthesis and Energetics","author":"Petes T D","year":"1991","unstructured":"T D Petes, R E Malone, L S Symington The Molecular & Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces: Genome Dynamics, Protein Synthesis and Energetics, eds J R Broach, J R Pringle, E W Jones (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 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