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Infection of SAP<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice with lymphocyte choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) or<jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>was associated with increased T cell activation and IFN-\u03b3 production, as well as a reduction of Ig-secreting cells. Anti-CD3-stimulated splenocytes from uninfected SAP<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>mice produced increased IFN-\u03b3 and decreased IL-4, findings supported by decreased serum IgE levels<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The Th1 skewing of these animals suggests that cytokine misregulation may contribute to phenotypes associated with mutation of<jats:italic>SH2D1A<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>SAP<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.131193098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:37:36Z","timestamp":1027694256000},"page":"7449-7454","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Altered lymphocyte responses and cytokine production in mice deficient in the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease gene<i>SH2D1A<\/i>\/<i>DSHP<\/i>\/<i>SAP<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Czar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"given":"Ellen N.","family":"Kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"given":"Lilia A.","family":"Mijares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"given":"Gibson","family":"Lanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute, National Cancer Institute, and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 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