{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:50:19Z","timestamp":1790635819694,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"29","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Theoretical biology was founded on the mathematical tools of statistics and physics. We believe there are productive connections to be made with the younger field of theoretical computer science, which shares with it an interest in complexity and functionality. In this paper, we find that the mathematical description of evolution in the presence of sexual recombination and weak selection is equivalent to a repeated game between genes played according to the multiplicative weight updates algorithm, an algorithm that has surprised computer scientists time and again in its usefulness. This equivalence is informative for the pursuit of two key problems in evolution: the role of sex and the maintenance of variation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1406556111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]],"date-time":"2014-06-16T22:56:38Z","timestamp":1402959398000},"page":"10620-10623","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Algorithms, games, and evolution"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Erick","family":"Chastain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Livnat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Papadimitriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Vazirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Division, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"The Mathematical Theory of Selection, Recombination, and Mutation","author":"B\u00fcrger R","year":"2000","unstructured":"R B\u00fcrger The Mathematical Theory of Selection, Recombination, and Mutation (Wiley, Chichester, 2000)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/134.2.627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi242"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002850050143"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4086\/toc.2012.v008a006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511806292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","volume-title":"Evolutionary Game Theory","author":"Weibull JW","year":"1995","unstructured":"JW Weibull Evolutionary Game Theory (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511804441"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0912538107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/54.2.595"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"A Review of Some Fundamental Concepts and Problems of Population Genetics","author":"Dobzhansky T","year":"1955","unstructured":"T Dobzhansky A Review of Some Fundamental Concepts and Problems of Population Genetics (Cold Spring Harbor Lab Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY) Vol 20, 1\u201315 (1955)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/217624a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","volume-title":"The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality","author":"Bell G","year":"1982","unstructured":"G Bell The Masterpiece of Nature: The Evolution and Genetics of Sexuality (Univ of California Press, Berkeley, CA, 1982)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5385.1986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/599084"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.1406556111","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,12]],"date-time":"2022-04-12T23:33:07Z","timestamp":1649806387000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1406556111"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"29","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.1406556111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1406556111","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-06-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}