{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T04:58:16Z","timestamp":1778821096530,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            All eukaryotic DNA transposons reported so far belong to a single category of elements transposed by the so-called \u201ccut-and-paste\u201d mechanism. Here, we report a previously unknown category of eukaryotic DNA transposons,\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            , which transpose by rolling-circle replication. Autonomous\n            <jats:italic>Helitrons<\/jats:italic>\n            encode a 5\u2032-to-3\u2032 DNA helicase and nuclease\/ligase similar to those encoded by known rolling-circle replicons.\n            <jats:italic>Helitron<\/jats:italic>\n            -like transposons have conservative 5\u2032-TC and CTRR-3\u2032 termini and do not have terminal inverted repeats. They contain 16- to 20-bp hairpins separated by 10\u201312 nucleotides from the 3\u2032-end and transpose precisely between the 5\u2032-A and T-3\u2032, with no modifications of the AT target sites. Together with their multiple diverged nonautonomous descendants,\n            <jats:italic>Helitrons<\/jats:italic>\n            constitute \u22482% of both the\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n            genomes and also colonize the\n            <jats:italic>Oriza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n            genome. Sequence conservation suggests that\n            <jats:italic>Helitrons<\/jats:italic>\n            continue to be transposed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.151269298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:34:10Z","timestamp":1027694050000},"page":"8714-8719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":424,"title":["Rolling-circle transposons in eukaryotes"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Vladimir V.","family":"Kapitonov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Information Research Institute, 2081 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Jurka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Information Research Institute, 2081 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"Mobile DNA","author":"Berg D E","year":"1989","unstructured":", eds D E Berg, M M Howe (Am. Soc. Microbiol., Washington, DC Mobile DNA, 1989)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7704"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08886.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5234.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01757-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1922"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050907"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/plas.1999.1460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-2647(93)90074-M"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","volume-title":"DNA Replication","author":"Kornberg A","year":"1992","unstructured":"A Kornberg, T A Baker DNA Replication (Freeman, New York, 1992)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02001.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.19.10280"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80436-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0097-8485(96)80013-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"Nicholas K B","year":"1997","unstructured":"K B Nicholas, H B Nicholas, D W, II Deerfield EMBNETNEWS 4, 1\u20134 (1997).","journal-title":"EMBNETNEWS"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(88)90129-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1997.0951"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.10.4.516"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(00)02093-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08034.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.289.5480.771"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.66.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/385176a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(05)80116-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(92)90131-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1004030922447"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00006512"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5288.777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0004(98)01302-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47182-7"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.151269298","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T03:55:29Z","timestamp":1649822129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.151269298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.151269298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.151269298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2001-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-05-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2001-07-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}