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If many firms use the same algorithm, even if it is more accurate than the alternatives, the resulting \u201cmonoculture\u201d may be susceptible to correlated failures, much as a monocultural system is in biological settings. To investigate this concern, we develop a model of selection under monoculture. We find that even without any assumption of shocks or correlated failures\u2014i.e., under \u201cnormal operations\u201d\u2014the quality of decisions may decrease when multiple firms use the same algorithm. Thus, the introduction of a more accurate algorithm may decrease social welfare\u2014a kind of \u201cBraess\u2019 paradox\u201d for algorithmic decision-making.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2018340118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T16:15:54Z","timestamp":1621959354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Algorithmic monoculture and social welfare"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Kleinberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4155-8145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manish","family":"Raghavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"F. 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