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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>We present a computational approach to measure exposure density at high spatial and temporal resolution to understand neighborhood disparities in transmission risk of COVID-19. By integrating geolocation data and granular land-use information, we are able to establish both the extent of activity in a particular neighborhood and the nature of that activity across residential, nonresidential, and outdoor activities. We then analyze the differential behavioral response to social-distancing policies based on local risk factors, built-environment characteristics, and socioeconomic inequality. Our results highlight the significant disparities in health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities and lower-income households. Exposure density provides an additional metric to further explain and understand the disparate impact of COVID-19 on vulnerable communities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2021258118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T19:31:16Z","timestamp":1615923076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Exposure density and neighborhood disparities in COVID-19 infection risk"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Boyeong","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, NY 10011;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4107-4711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz J.","family":"Bonczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, NY 10011;"}]},{"given":"Arpit","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5535-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorna E.","family":"Thorpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016;"}]},{"given":"Constantine E.","family":"Kontokosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marron Institute of Urban Management, New York University, New York, NY 10011;"},{"name":"Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization WHO coronavirus disease (COVID-19) dashboard (2020). https:\/\/covid19.who.int\/. 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