{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:13:45Z","timestamp":1762272825540,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>PRACE (Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe), an international not-for-profit association that brings together the five largest European supercomputing centers and involves 26 European countries, has allocated more than half a billion core hours to computer simulations to fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Alongside experiments, these simulations are a pillar of research to assess the risks of different scenarios and investigate mitigation strategies. While the world deals with the subsequent waves of the pandemic, we present a reflection on the use of urgent supercomputing for global societal challenges and crisis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2024891118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,12]],"date-time":"2021-11-12T21:25:59Z","timestamp":1636752359000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Lessons learned from urgent computing in Europe: Tackling the COVID-19 pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9150-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00faria","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology 43007 Tarragona, Spain;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4246-3305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Del Debbio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6472-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Baaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie Th\u00e9orique, CNRS, Unit\u00e9 Propre de Recherche 9080, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75005 Paris, France;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Praprotnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia;"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Grigori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, Inria, Laboratoire Jacques Louis Lions, Alpines, 75012 Paris, France;"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6306-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serge","family":"Bogaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6695-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Berberich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation, J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany;"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lippert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Institute for Advanced Simulation, J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre D-52425 J\u00fclich, Germany;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3374-7317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janne","family":"Ignatius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"CSC-IT Center for Science, 02101 Espoo, Finland;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7264-8445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philippe","family":"Lavocat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Grand \u00c9quipement National de Calcul Intensif F-75015 Paris, France;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1127-785X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriol","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center 08034 Barcelona, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Giuffreda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Swiss National Supercomputing Centre 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1975-1918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Girona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center 08034 Barcelona, Spain;"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Kranzlm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities 85748 Garching, Germany;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7159-9634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael M.","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium;"},{"name":"High-Performance Computing Center Stuttgart 70569 Stuttgart, 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