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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Significance<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Can entire societies become more or less depressed over time? Here, we look for the historical traces of cognitive distortions, thinking patterns that are strongly associated with internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety, in millions of books published over the course of the last two centuries in English, Spanish, and German. We find a pronounced \u201chockey stick\u201d pattern: Over the past two decades the textual analogs of cognitive distortions surged well above historical levels, including those of World War I and II, after declining or stabilizing for most of the 20th century. Our results point to the possibility that recent socioeconomic changes, new technology, and social media are associated with a surge of cognitive distortions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2102061118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T21:01:16Z","timestamp":1627074076000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Historical language records reveal a surge of cognitive distortions in recent decades"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7031-9293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan","family":"Bollen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7186-7344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marijn","family":"ten Thij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47408;"},{"name":"Delft Institute of Applied Mathematics, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8949-2598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fritz","family":"Breithaupt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Germanic Studies, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405;"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-7683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander T. 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