{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T15:29:10Z","timestamp":1778599750651,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Genome-wide transcriptional profiling has important applications in\n evolutionary biology for assaying the extent of heterozygosity for\n alleles showing quantitative variation in gene expression in natural\n populations. We have used DNA microarray analysis to study the global\n pattern of transcription in a homothallic strain of\n            <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n            isolated from wine grapes in a\n Tuscan vineyard, along with the diploid progeny obtained after\n sporulation. The parental strain shows 2:2 segregation (heterozygosity)\n for three unlinked loci. One determines resistance to trifluoroleucine;\n another, resistance to copper sulfate; and the third is associated with\n a morphological phenotype observed as colonies with a ridged surface\n resembling a filigree. Global expression analysis of the progeny with\n the filigreed and smooth colony phenotypes revealed a greater than\n 2-fold difference in transcription for 378 genes (6% of the genome). A\n large number of the overexpressed genes function in pathways of amino\n acid biosynthesis (particularly methionine) and sulfur or nitrogen\n assimilation, whereas many of the underexpressed genes are amino acid\n permeases. These wholesale changes in amino acid metabolism segregate\n as a suite of traits resulting from a single gene or a small number of\n genes. We conclude that natural vineyard populations of\n            <jats:italic>S.\n cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n            can harbor alleles that cause massive alterations in\n the global patterns of gene expression. Hence, studies of expression\n variation in natural populations, without accompanying segregation\n analysis, may give a false picture of the number of segregating genes\n underlying the variation.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.210395297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:45:09Z","timestamp":1027694709000},"page":"12369-12374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":145,"title":["Manifold anomalies in gene expression in a vineyard isolate of\n            <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/i>\n            revealed by DNA microarray analysis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Duccio","family":"Cavalieri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard\r University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and Department of Animal\r Genetics and Genetics, University of Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey P.","family":"Townsend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard\r University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and Department of Animal\r Genetics and Genetics, University of Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Hartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard\r University, Cambridge, MA 02138; and Department of Animal\r Genetics and Genetics, University of Florence, I-50125 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1296-1675"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1297-1359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5338.680"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.17.9721"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.4.1486"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.26.14866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5454.873"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)00015-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"45","volume":"36","author":"Cavalieri D","year":"1998","unstructured":"D Cavalieri, C Barberio, E Casalone, F Pinzauti, F Sebastiani, R K Mortimer, M Polsinelli Food Technol Biotechnol 36, 45\u201350 (1998).","journal-title":"Food Technol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(99)80036-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.10.4.403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/yea.320101203"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(99)03014-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1496375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.5.9.1003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mmbr.61.4.503-532.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.15.12.6526"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(97)88085-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.11.1.183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/133.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/145.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12530"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.14.3.2100-2112.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.107.4.1055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.5.1236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.32.22184"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.7.1613"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.2.282"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.16.2587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(99)00051-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380050952"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.210395297","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T12:11:18Z","timestamp":1649851878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.210395297"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.210395297"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.210395297","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2000-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-08-17","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}