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Because IL-15 is overexpressed in these patients, we asked whether IL-15 contributes to the persistence of human T cell lymphotropic virus I viral-specific CD8 cells. Using<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>cultures of HAM\/TSP peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that in the majority of patients examined here blocking IL-15 action resulted in a decrease in the number of viral-specific CD8 cells. This decrease was caused by both inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in these cells. The data indicate that IL-15 plays a major role in the maintenance of viral-specific CD8 cells in HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251540598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:35:07Z","timestamp":1027694107000},"page":"14559-14564","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["IL-15 plays a major role in the persistence of Tax-specific CD8 cells in HAM\/TSP patients"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Nazli","family":"Azimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, and Viral Immunology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive 1374, Bethesda, MD 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