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Structures of unliganded and liganded B7-1 and B7-2 suggest a physical\u2013chemical basis for the observed functional similarities and differences between these two costimulatory ligands. Of particular note, whereas the majority of the residues mediating B7-1 dimerization are hydrophobic, the B7-2 dimer observed in the B7-2\/CTLA-4 complex displays a very hydrophilic dimer interface. These differences provide a mechanism for preventing the formation of B7-1\/B7-2 heterodimers. The divergence at the putative dimer interface is also consistent with the lower tendency of B7-2 to dimerize, as shown by the monomeric state of unliganded B7-2 both in solution and crystalline form, and may result in detailed differences in signaling mechanisms associated with B7-1 and B7-2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252771499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,4]],"date-time":"2003-03-04T18:36:00Z","timestamp":1046802960000},"page":"2586-2591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain of human B7-2: Insights into organization and signaling"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Xuewu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 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