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Characterization of the variation in gene expression in healthy tissue is an essential foundation for the recognition and interpretation of the changes in these patterns associated with infections and other diseases, and peripheral blood was selected because it is a uniquely accessible tissue in which to examine this variation in patients or healthy volunteers in a clinical setting. Specific features of interindividual variation in gene expression patterns in peripheral blood could be traced to variation in the relative proportions of specific blood cell subsets; other features were correlated with gender, age, and the time of day at which the sample was taken. An analysis of multiple sequential samples from the same individuals allowed us to discern donor-specific patterns of gene expression. These data help to define human individuality and provide a database with which disease-associated gene expression patterns can be compared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.252784499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,18]],"date-time":"2003-02-18T15:04:50Z","timestamp":1045580690000},"page":"1896-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":623,"title":["Individuality and variation in gene expression patterns in human blood"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Adeline R.","family":"Whitney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Diehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Popper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}]},{"given":"Ash A.","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Boldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of 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