{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T05:23:06Z","timestamp":1773120186310,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thalamic neurons have two firing modes: tonic and bursting.\n It was originally suggested that bursting occurs only during states\n such as slow-wave sleep, when little or no information is relayed by\n the thalamus. However, bursting occurs during wakefulness in the\n visual and somatosensory thalamus, and could theoretically influence\n sensory processing. Here we used chronically implanted electrodes to\n record from the ventroposterior medial thalamic nucleus (VPM) and\n primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of awake, freely moving rats during\n different behaviors. These behaviors included quiet immobility,\n exploratory whisking (large-amplitude whisker movements), and whisker\n twitching (small-amplitude, 7- to 12-Hz whisker movements). We\n demonstrated that thalamic bursting appeared during the oscillatory\n activity occurring before whisker twitching movements, and continued\n throughout the whisker twitching. Further, thalamic bursting occurred\n during whisker twitching substantially more often than during the other\n behaviors, and a neuron was most likely to respond to a stimulus if a\n burst occurred \u2248120 ms before the stimulation. In addition, the\n amount of cortical area activated was similar to that during whisking.\n However, when SI was inactivated by muscimol infusion, whisker\n twitching was never observed. Finally, we used a statistical technique\n called partial directed coherence to identify the direction of\n influence of neural activity between VPM and SI, and observed that\n there was more directional coherence from SI to VPM during whisker\n twitching than during the other behaviors. Based on these findings, we\n propose that during whisker twitching, a descending signal from SI\n triggers thalamic bursting that primes the thalamocortical loop for\n enhanced signal detection during the whisker twitching behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.261273898","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"15330-15335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":204,"title":["Thalamic bursting in rats during different awake behavioral states"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Erika E.","family":"Fanselow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center,\r Durham, NC 27710; and Discipline of Medical Informatics\r and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University\r of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil; and\r Department of Telecommunications and Control\r Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900\r SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sameshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center,\r Durham, NC 27710; and Discipline of Medical Informatics\r and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University\r of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil; and\r Department of Telecommunications and Control\r Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900\r SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Luiz A.","family":"Baccala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center,\r Durham, NC 27710; and Discipline of Medical Informatics\r and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University\r of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil; and\r Department of Telecommunications and Control\r Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900\r SP, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Miguel A. L.","family":"Nicolelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center,\r Durham, NC 27710; and Discipline of Medical Informatics\r and Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, School of Medicine, University\r of S\u00e3o Paulo, 01246-903 S\u00e3o Paulo SP, Brazil; and\r Department of Telecommunications and Control\r Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-900\r SP, Brazil"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1983.50.4.798"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-01-00278.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"596","volume":"103","author":"Maffei L","year":"1965","unstructured":"L Maffei, G Moruzzi, G Rizzolatti Arch Ital Biol 103, 596\u2013608 (1965).","journal-title":"Arch Ital 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