{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T22:10:03Z","timestamp":1768255803242,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cultivation methods have contributed to our present knowledge about\n the presence and diversity of microbes in naturally occurring\n communities. However, it is well established that only a small fraction\n of prokaryotes have been cultivated by standard methods and, therefore,\n the prokaryotes that are cultivated may not reflect the composition and\n diversity within those communities. Of the two prokaryotic phylogenetic\n domains, Bacteria and Archaea, members of the former have been shown to\n be ubiquitous in nature, with ample evidence of vast assemblages of\n uncultured organisms. There is also now increasingly compelling\n evidence that the Archaea, which were once thought to occupy a limited\n number of environments, are also globally widespread. Here we report\n the use of molecular phylogenetic techniques, which are independent of\n microbial cultivation, to conduct an assessment of Archaea in a soil\n microbial community. Small subunit ribosomal RNA genes of Archaea were\n amplified from soil and cloned. Phylogenetic and nucleotide signature\n analyses of these cloned small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences\n revealed a cluster of Archaea from a soil microbial community that\n diverge deeply from the crenarchaeotal line of descent and has the\n closest affiliation to the lineage of planktonic Archaea. The\n identification and phylogenetic classification of this archaeal lineage\n from soil contributes to our understanding of the ecological\n significance of Archaea as a component of microbial communities in\n non-extreme environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.1.277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:31:39Z","timestamp":1027693899000},"page":"277-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":282,"title":["Molecular phylogeny of Archaea from\u2009soil"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Scott\u2009B.","family":"Bintrim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plant Pathology and Bacteriology,\r University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy\u2009J.","family":"Donohue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plant Pathology and Bacteriology,\r University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Handelsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plant Pathology and Bacteriology,\r University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary\u2009P.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plant Pathology and Bacteriology,\r University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert\u2009M.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Plant Pathology and Bacteriology,\r University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.39.100185.001541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.51.3.365-379.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345060a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/345063a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5685"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.174.15.5072-5078.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.59.5.1294-1302.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.5.1609"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.59.1.143-169.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1555-1562.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2389.1995.tb01337.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.461-468.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.3.766-771.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.2.668-675.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.6.1935-1943.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371695a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.12.4576"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1646-1648.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-0717(80)90097-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.56.3.776-781.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/24.1.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","volume-title":"Wisconsin Procedures for Soil Testing, Plant Analysis, and Feed and Forage Analysis","author":"Schulte E F","year":"1987","unstructured":"E F Schulte, J B Peters, P R Hodgson Wisconsin Procedures for Soil Testing, Plant Analysis, and Feed and Forage Analysis (Dept. of Soil Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01577445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"115","volume-title":"Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics","author":"Lane D J","year":"1991","unstructured":"D J Lane Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, eds E Stackebrandt, M Goodfellow (Wiley, New York), pp. 115\u2013175 (1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","volume-title":"Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual","author":"Maniatis T","year":"1982","unstructured":"T Maniatis, E F Fritsch, J Sambrook Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 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