{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T07:07:24Z","timestamp":1768288044690,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Derivatives of chitin oligosaccharides have been shown to play a role in plant organogenesis at nanomolar concentrations. Here we present data which indicate that chitin oligosaccharides are important for embryogenesis in vertebrates. We characterize chitin oligosaccharides synthesized\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            by zebrafish and carp embryos in the late gastrulation stage by incorporation of radiolabeled\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -[U\n            <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n            C]glucosamine and by HPLC in combination with enzymatic conversion using the\n            <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n            NodZ \u03b1-1,6-fucosyltransferase and chitinases. A rapid and sensitive bioassay for chitin oligosaccharides was also used employing suspension-cultured plant cells of\n            <jats:italic>Catharanthus roseus<\/jats:italic>\n            . We show that chitin oligosaccharide synthase activity is apparent only during late gastrulation and can be inhibited by antiserum raised against the\n            <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n            DG42 protein. The DG42 protein, a glycosyltransferase, is transiently expressed between midblastula and neurulation in\n            <jats:italic>Xenopus<\/jats:italic>\n            and zebrafish embryogenesis. Microinjection of the DG42 antiserum or the\n            <jats:italic>Bradyrhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n            NodZ enzyme in fertilized eggs of zebrafish led to severe defects in trunk and tail development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:40:52Z","timestamp":1027694452000},"page":"7982-7986","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["An important developmental role for oligosaccharides during early embryogenesis of cyprinid\u2009fish"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Bakkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Semino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Stroband","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jan W.","family":"Kijne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Phillips W.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Herman P.","family":"Spaink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 64, 2333 AL Leiden, The Netherlands; Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge MA 02139-4307; and Department of Animal Morphology and Cell Biology, Wageningen Agricultural University, Marijkeweg 40, 6709 PG Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/344781a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/354125a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.257.5066.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.9.4336"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.py.33.090195.002021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.269.5225.841"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3869804"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/353710b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4548"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90166-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.39.23657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4543"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.10.4523"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.8.3498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00360482"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","volume-title":"The Zebrafish Book","author":"Westerfield M","year":"1993","unstructured":"M Westerfield The Zebrafish Book (Univ. of Oregon Press, Eugene, 1993)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)57412-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00047715"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.6.2196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-0177-6_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.123.1.37"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","unstructured":"Semino C. Allende M.\u2009L. Bakkers J. Spaink H. & Robbins P.\u2009W. (1997) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. in press."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.123.1.1"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7982","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,13]],"date-time":"2022-04-13T19:07:23Z","timestamp":1649876843000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,22]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7982","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1997-05-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1997-07-22","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}