{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T15:21:27Z","timestamp":1781104887286,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Engagement of \u03b1\u2013\u03b2 T cell receptors (TCRs) induces many events in the T cells bearing them. The proteins that transduce these signals to the inside of cells are the TCR-associated CD3 polypeptides and \u03b6\u2013\u03b6 or \u03b6\u2013\u03b7 dimers. Previous experiments using knockout (KO) mice that lacked \u03b6 (\u03b6KO) showed that \u03b6 is required for good surface expression of TCRs on almost all T cells and for normal T cell development. Surprisingly, however, in \u03b6KO mice, a subset of T cells in the gut of both \u03b6KO and normal mice bore nearly normal levels of TCR on its surface. This was because \u03b6 was replaced by the Fc\u025bRI \u03b3 (FcR\u03b3). These cells were relatively nonreactive to stimuli via their TCRs. In addition, a previous report showed that \u03b6 replacement by the FcR\u03b3 chain also might occur on T cells in mice bearing tumors long term. Again, these T cells were nonreactive. To understand the consequences of \u03b6 substitution by FcR\u03b3 for T cell development and function\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we produced \u03b6KO mice expressing FcR\u03b3 in all of their T cells (FcR\u03b3TG \u03b6KO mice). In these mice, TCR expression on immature thymocytes was only slightly reduced compared with controls, and thymocyte selection occurred normally and gave rise to functional, mature T cells. Therefore, the nonreactivity of the FcR\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    lymphocytes in the gut or in tumor-bearing mice must be caused by some other phenomenon. Unexpectedly, the TCR levels of mature T cells in FcR\u03b3TG \u03b6KO mice were lower than those of controls. This was particularly true for the CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. We conclude that FcR\u03b3 can replace the functions of \u03b6 in T cell development\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    but that TCR\/CD3 complexes associated with FcR\u03b3 rather than \u03b6 are less well expressed on cells. Also, these results revealed a difference in the regulation of expression of the TCR\/CD3 complex on CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.2.616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:31:39Z","timestamp":1027679499000},"page":"616-621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Development and function of T cells in T cell antigen receptor\/CD3 \u03b6 knockout mice reconstituted with Fc\u025bRI\u2009\u03b3"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Chih-Pin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Basic Immunology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; Nexstar, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80214; Departments of Immunology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206; and Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jen","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Basic Immunology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; Nexstar, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80214; Departments of Immunology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206; and Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manley","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Basic Immunology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; Nexstar, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80214; Departments of Immunology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206; and Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Kappler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Basic Immunology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; Nexstar, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80214; Departments of Immunology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206; and Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Marrack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Basic Immunology, National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Denver, CO 80206; Nexstar, Inc., Lakewood, CO 80214; Departments of Immunology, Medicine, and Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Genetics, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO 80206; and Alza Corporation, Palo Alto, CA 94803"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/338383b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.001035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.20.8905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90314-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90327-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90208-T"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)73981-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.003011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(95)80105-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.003331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(94)90174-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90003-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.000521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60620-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.9.3006","volume":"142","author":"Finkel 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