{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:52:37Z","timestamp":1781103157693,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Like all hyperthermophiles yet tested, the bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Thermotoga maritima<\/jats:italic>\n                    contains a reverse gyrase. Here we show that it contains also a DNA gyrase. The genes\n                    <jats:italic>top2<\/jats:italic>\n                    A and\n                    <jats:italic>top2B<\/jats:italic>\n                    encoding the two subunits of a DNA gyrase-like enzyme have been cloned and sequenced. The Top2A (type II DNA topoisomerase A protein) is more similar to GyrA (DNA gyrase A protein) than to ParC [topoisomerase IV (Topo IV) C protein]. The difference is especially striking at the C-terminal domain, which differentiates DNA gyrases from Topo IV. DNA gyrase activity was detected in\n                    <jats:italic>T. maritima<\/jats:italic>\n                    and purified to homogeneity using a novobiocin-Sepharose column. This hyperhermophilic DNA gyrase has an optimal activity around 82\u201386\u00b0C. In contrast to plasmids from hyperthermophilic archaea, which are from relaxed to positively supercoiled, we found that the plasmid pRQ7 from\n                    <jats:italic>Thermotoga<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. RQ7 is negatively supercoiled. pRQ7 became positively supercoiled after addition of novobiocin to cell cultures, indicating that its negative supercoiling is due to the DNA gyrase of the host strain. The findings concerning DNA gyrase and negative supercoiling in Thermotogales put into question the role of reverse gyrase in hyperthermophiles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.20.10606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:35:50Z","timestamp":1027679750000},"page":"10606-10611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Both DNA gyrase and reverse gyrase are present in the hyperthermophilic bacterium\n                    <i>Thermotoga\u2009maritima<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Olivier","family":"Guipaud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire du G\u00e8ne chez les Extr\u00e9mophiles, and Laboratoire d\u2019Enzymologie des Acides Nucl\u00e9iques, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Marguet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire du G\u00e8ne chez les Extr\u00e9mophiles, and Laboratoire d\u2019Enzymologie des Acides Nucl\u00e9iques, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth M.","family":"Noll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire du G\u00e8ne chez les Extr\u00e9mophiles, and Laboratoire d\u2019Enzymologie des Acides Nucl\u00e9iques, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire Bouthier","family":"de la Tour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire du G\u00e8ne chez les Extr\u00e9mophiles, and Laboratoire d\u2019Enzymologie des Acides Nucl\u00e9iques, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Forterre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Mol\u00e9culaire du G\u00e8ne chez les Extr\u00e9mophiles, and Laboratoire d\u2019Enzymologie des Acides Nucl\u00e9iques, Institut de G\u00e9n\u00e9tique et Microbiologie, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; 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