{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:42:15Z","timestamp":1773657735071,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,3,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Pathogen recognition at the plant cell surface typically results in the initiation of a multicomponent defense response. Transient influx of Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            across the plasma membrane is postulated to be part of the signaling chain leading to pathogen resistance. Patch-clamp analysis of parsley protoplasts revealed a novel Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -permeable, La\n            <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n            -sensitive plasma membrane ion channel of large conductance (309 pS in 240 mM CaCl\n            <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n            ). At an extracellular Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            concentration of 1 mM, which is representative of the plant cell apoplast, unitary channel conductance was determined to be 80 pS. This ion channel (LEAC, for\n            <jats:underline>l<\/jats:underline>\n            arge conductance\n            <jats:underline>e<\/jats:underline>\n            licitor-\n            <jats:underline>a<\/jats:underline>\n            ctivated ion\n            <jats:underline>c<\/jats:underline>\n            hannel) is reversibly activated upon treatment of parsley protoplasts with an oligopeptide elicitor derived from a cell wall protein of\n            <jats:italic>Phytophthora sojae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Structural features of the elicitor found previously to be essential for receptor binding, induction of defense-related gene expression, and phytoalexin formation are identical to those required for activation of LEAC. Thus, receptor-mediated stimulation of this channel appears to be causally involved in the signaling cascade triggering pathogen defense in parsley.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.6.2751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:35:50Z","timestamp":1027694150000},"page":"2751-2755","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Receptor-mediated activation of a plant Ca\n            <sup>2+<\/sup>\n            -permeable ion channel involved in pathogen\u2009defense"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Sabine","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Thorsten","family":"N\u00fcrnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"Frachisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Guern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Hedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany"}]},{"given":"Dierk","family":"Scheel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut des Sciences Vegetales, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Institut f\u00fcr Pflanzenbiochemie, Abteilung Stress- und Entwicklungsbiologie, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, Germany; and Institut f\u00fcr Biophysik, Universit\u00e4t Hannover, Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2, D-30419 Hannover, 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