{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T04:14:18Z","timestamp":1778213658782,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In addition to their role in peptide antigen presentation, class I MHC proteins also play a critical role in inhibiting natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity through interaction with NK inhibitory receptors. Thus, NK cells are cytotoxic to virus-infected and tumor cells that have lost class I MHC protein expression. However, the nature of the receptors involved in the triggering of lysis of target cells is poorly understood. CD16 (Fc\u03b3 receptor III) has been described as a receptor expressed on NK cells that facilitates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by binding to the Fc portion of various antibodies. However, we show here that CD16 has a broader function and is directly involved in the lysis of some virus-infected cells and tumor cells, independent of antibody binding. The presence of a putative CD16 ligand on appropriate target cells has also been demonstrated by the use of a CD16-Ig fusion protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:32:33Z","timestamp":1027693953000},"page":"5640-5644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":221,"title":["Human CD16 as a lysis receptor mediating direct natural killer cell cytotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Ofer","family":"Mandelboim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]},{"given":"Pratap","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]},{"given":"Chang H.","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Boyson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]},{"given":"Jack L.","family":"Strominger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01238"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60664-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90097-S"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7716543"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(95)90025-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.155.5.2306","volume":"155","author":"D\u2019Andre A","year":"1995","unstructured":"A D\u2019Andre, C Chang, K Franz-Bacon, T McClanahan, J H Phillips, L L Lanier J Immunol 155, 2306\u20132310 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.11.1809"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.5.813"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35869"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.9.5199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.5.953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.5.1571","volume":"146","author":"Lanier L L","year":"1991","unstructured":"L L Lanier, G Yu, J H Phillips J Immunol 146, 1571\u20131576 (1991).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.146.1.206","volume":"146","author":"Vivier E","year":"1991","unstructured":"E Vivier, P Morin, C O\u2019Brien, B Druker, S F Schlossman, P A Anderson J Immunol 146, 206\u2013210 (1991).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.3.801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.10.3275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.1.26","volume":"154","author":"Bernard G","year":"1995","unstructured":"G Bernard, D Zoccola, M Deckert, J P Breittmayer, C Aussel, A Bernard J Immunol 154, 26\u201332 (1995).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(90)90694-A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.130.5.2133","volume":"130","author":"Perussia B","year":"1983","unstructured":"B Perussia, S Starr, S Abraham, V Fanning, G Trinchieri J Immunol 130, 2133\u20132141 (1983).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.3.913"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.4.1576","volume":"157","author":"Tamm A","year":"1996","unstructured":"A Tamm, S E Reinhold J Immunol 157, 1567\u20131581 (1996).","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199603150-00016"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7533326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0062"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.12.2053"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90115-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parham P. ed. (1997) Immunol. Rev. 155 5\u2013220.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1997.tb00935.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.12.2065"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.5.787"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,22]],"date-time":"2023-04-22T12:09:33Z","timestamp":1682165373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,11]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.96.10.5640","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-03-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"1999-05-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}