{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T18:45:46Z","timestamp":1775155546819,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            We have determined complete gene sequences encoding the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RBP1) from two Microsporidia,\n            <jats:italic>Vairimorpha necatrix<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Nosema locustae<\/jats:italic>\n            . Phylogenetic analyses of these and other RPB1 sequences strongly support the notion that Microsporidia are not early-diverging eukaryotes but instead are specifically related to Fungi. Our reexamination of elongation factors EF-1\u03b1 and EF-2 sequence data that had previously been taken as support for an early (Archezoan) divergence of these amitochondriate protists show such support to be weak and likely caused by artifacts in phylogenetic analyses. These EF data sets are, in fact, not inconsistent with a Microsporidia + Fungi relationship. In addition, we show that none of these proteins strongly support a deep divergence of Parabasalia and Metamonada, the other amitochondriate protist groups currently thought to compose early branches. Thus, the phylogenetic placement among eukaryotes for these protist taxa is in need of further critical examination.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.2.580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:44:19Z","timestamp":1027694659000},"page":"580-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":408,"title":["Microsporidia are related to Fungi: Evidence from the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and other proteins"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Hirt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7, Canada"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John M.","family":"Logsdon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Healy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7, Canada"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Dorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom; and Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Program in Evolutionary Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Halifax, NS, B3H 4H7, Canada"}]},{"given":"W. 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