{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T12:43:10Z","timestamp":1777034590906,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Vacuole fusion occurs in three stages: priming, in which Sec18p mediates Sec17p release, LMA1 (low\n            <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>r<\/jats:sub>\n            activity 1) relocation, and cis\n            <jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic>\n            SNARE (soluble\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) complex disassembly; docking, mediated by Ypt7p and trans-SNARE association; and fusion of docked vacuoles. Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and calmodulin regulate late stages of the reaction. We now show that the vacuole proton gradient, generated by the vacuolar proton ATPase, is needed for trans-SNARE complex formation during docking and hence for the subsequent LMA1 release. Though neither the vacuolar Pmc1p Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            -ATPase nor the Vcx1p Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            \/H\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            exchanger are needed for the fusion reaction, they participate in Ca\n            <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n            and \u0394\u03bc\n            <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            homeostasis. Fusion itself does not require the maintenance of trans-SNARE pairs.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.20.11194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:35:07Z","timestamp":1027694107000},"page":"11194-11199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Vacuole acidification is required for trans-SNARE pairing, LMA1 release, and homotypic fusion"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Ungermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, NH 03755-3844"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Wickner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, NH 03755-3844"}]},{"given":"Zuoyu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Dartmouth Medical School, 7200 Vail Building, Hanover, NH 03755-3844"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5259.227"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372055a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/370191a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/26354"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387133a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/24986"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.4.1539"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3041591"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.119.6.1469"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.132.5.787"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.281.5377.700"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387199a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.12.3269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.145.7.1435"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81084-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81457-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.2.299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25069"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.136.2.307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.126.1.99"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/25133"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.5.2226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Methods in Enzymology","author":"Guthrie C","year":"1991","unstructured":", eds C Guthrie, G R Fink (Academic, San Diego Methods in Enzymology, 1991)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.124.3.351"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00986234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00210.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(88)90195-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)84646-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375645a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-0674(97)80027-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.114.2.219"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50747-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)82236-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.130.4.821"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(05)80062-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.138.3.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.137.7.1511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.9.5308"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(97)01060-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","volume-title":"Antibodies","author":"Harlow E","year":"1988","unstructured":"E Harlow, O Lane Antibodies (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. 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