{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:54:24Z","timestamp":1775732064778,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n            Higher plant reproduction is unique because two cells are fertilized in the haploid female gametophyte. Egg and sperm nuclei fuse to form the embryo. A second sperm nucleus fuses with the central cell nucleus that replicates to generate the endosperm, a tissue that supports embryo development. To understand mechanisms that initiate reproduction, we isolated a mutation in\n            <jats:italic>Arabidopsis<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>f644<\/jats:italic>\n            , that allows for replication of the central cell and subsequent endosperm development without fertilization. When mutant\n            <jats:italic>f644<\/jats:italic>\n            egg and central cells are fertilized by wild-type sperm, embryo development is inhibited, and endosperm is overproduced. By using a map-based strategy, we cloned and sequenced the\n            <jats:italic>F644<\/jats:italic>\n            gene and showed that it encodes a SET-domain polycomb protein. Subsequently, we found that\n            <jats:italic>F644<\/jats:italic>\n            is identical to\n            <jats:italic>MEDEA<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>MEA<\/jats:italic>\n            ), a gene whose maternal-derived allele is required for embryogenesis [Grossniklaus, U., Vielle-Calzada, J.-P., Hoeppner, M. A. &amp; Gagliano, W. B. (1998)\n            <jats:italic>Science<\/jats:italic>\n            280, 446\u2013450]. Together, these results reveal functions for plant polycomb proteins in the suppression of central cell proliferation and endosperm development. We discuss models to explain how polycomb proteins function to suppress endosperm and promote embryo development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T14:44:19Z","timestamp":1027694659000},"page":"4186-4191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":298,"title":["Control of fertilization-independent endosperm development by the\n            <i>MEDEA<\/i>\n            polycomb gene in\n            <i>Arabidopsis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kiyosue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Ohad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Yadegari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Hannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Dinneny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Anat","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Margossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Robert B.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]},{"given":"Robert L.","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; and Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1606"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1999,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","first-page":"1383","volume":"5","author":"Lopes M A","year":"1993","unstructured":"M A Lopes, B A Larkins Plant Cell 5, 1383\u20131399 (1993).","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Arabidopsis: An Atlas of Morphology and Development","author":"Mansfield S G","year":"1994","unstructured":"S G Mansfield Arabidopsis: An Atlas of Morphology and Development, ed J Bowman (Springer, New York), pp. 385\u2013397 (1994)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.11.5319"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.8.4223"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ohad N. 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