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Within the largely nocturnal clade of anuran amphibians, the dart-poison frog,\n                    <jats:italic>Epipedobates femoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is a diurnal species that physically and vigorously defends its calling territory against conspecific intruders. Here we report that physical attacks by a territorial male are provoked only in response to dynamic bimodal stimuli in which the acoustic playback of vocalizations is coupled with vocal sac pulsations, but not by either unimodal cues presented in isolation or static bimodal stimuli. These results suggest that integration of dynamic bimodal cues is necessary to elicit aggression in this species.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0237165100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,21]],"date-time":"2003-01-21T17:51:47Z","timestamp":1043171507000},"page":"577-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":232,"title":["Bimodal signal requisite for agonistic behavior in a dart-poison frog,\n                    <i>Epipedobates<\/i>\n                    <i>femoralis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Narins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606; and Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"H\u00f6dl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606; and Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela S.","family":"Grabul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiological Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606; and Institute of Zoology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A 1090 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","volume-title":"Acoustic Communication in Insects and Anurans","author":"Gerhardt H C","year":"2002","unstructured":"H C Gerhardt, F Huber Acoustic Communication in Insects and Anurans (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2002)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-002-0335-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","volume-title":"The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians","author":"Wells K D","year":"2003","unstructured":"K D Wells The Ecology and Behavior of Amphibians (Univ. of Chicago Press, Chicago, , in press. 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