{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:08:53Z","timestamp":1791058133356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"26","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We present the complete genomes of two human pathogens,\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1,581,384 bp) and\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (1,931,047 bp). The two pathogens maintain several similarities in being transmitted by insect vectors, using mammalian reservoirs, infecting similar cell types (endothelial cells and erythrocytes) and causing vasculoproliferative changes in immunocompromised hosts. A primary difference between the two pathogens is their reservoir ecology. Whereas\n                    <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a specialist, using only the human as a reservoir,\n                    <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    is more promiscuous and is frequently isolated from both cats and humans. Genome comparison elucidated a high degree of overall similarity with major differences being\n                    <jats:italic>B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                    specific genomic islands coding for filamentous hemagglutinin, and evidence of extensive genome reduction in\n                    <jats:italic>B. quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                    , reminiscent of that found in\n                    <jats:italic>Rickettsia prowazekii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Both genomes are reduced versions of chromosome I from the highly related pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Flanked by two rRNA operons is a segment with similarity to genes located on chromosome II of\n                    <jats:italic>B. melitensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , suggesting that it was acquired by integration of megareplicon DNA in a common ancestor of the two\n                    <jats:italic>Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Comparisons of the vector-host ecology of these organisms suggest that the utilization of host-restricted vectors is associated with accelerated rates of genome degradation and may explain why human pathogens transmitted by specialist vectors are outnumbered by zoonotic agents, which use vectors of broad host ranges.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305659101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,21]],"date-time":"2004-06-21T20:16:55Z","timestamp":1087849015000},"page":"9716-9721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["The louse-borne human pathogen\n                    <i>Bartonella quintana<\/i>\n                    is a genomic derivative of the zoonotic agent\n                    <i>Bartonella henselae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Cecilia M.","family":"Alsmark","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Carolin","family":"Frank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Olof","family":"Karlberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris-Antoine","family":"Legault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Ardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Canb\u00e4ck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann-Sofie","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Kristina","family":"N\u00e4slund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Handley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxime","family":"Huvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"La Scola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Holmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and Department of Medical Sciences, Section for Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University Hospital, 752 85 Uppsala, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siv G. 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