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Reverse transcriptase\u2013PCR showed that the 12 genes encoding the\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella suis<\/jats:italic>\n                    VirB system form an operon. Semiquantitative measurements of\n                    <jats:italic>virB<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA levels by slot blotting showed that transcription of the\n                    <jats:italic>virB<\/jats:italic>\n                    operon, but not the flanking genes, is regulated by environmental factors\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Flow cytometry used to measure green fluorescent protein expression from the\n                    <jats:italic>virB<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter confirmed the data from slot blots. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis and fluorescence microscopy showed that the\n                    <jats:italic>virB<\/jats:italic>\n                    promoter is induced in macrophages within 3 h after infection. Induction only occurred once the bacteria were inside the cells, and phagosome acidification was shown to be the major signal inducing intracellular expression. Because phagosome acidification is essential for the intracellular multiplication of\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we suggest that it is the signal that triggers the secretion of unknown effector molecules. These effector molecules play a role in the remodeling of the phagosome to create the unique intracellular compartment in which\n                    <jats:italic>Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n                    replicates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.032514299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"1544-1549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":275,"title":["The\n                    <i>Brucella suis virB<\/i>\n                    operon is induced intracellularly in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Boschiroli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale, Unit\u00e9 431, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine, 30900 N\u00eemes, France; and Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier II, 34075 Montpellier, 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