{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:06:48Z","timestamp":1790903208707,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Simulations with a regional chemical transport model show that anthropogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    = NO + NO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) lead to a dramatic diurnal variation of surface ozone (O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in Houston, Texas. During the daytime, photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds catalyzed by NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    results in episodes of elevated ambient O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    levels significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. The O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    production rate in Houston is significantly higher than those found in other cities over the United States. At night, a surface NO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    maximum occurs because of continuous NO emission from industrial sources, and, consequently, an extensive urban-scale \u201chole\u201d of surface ozone (&lt;10 parts per billion by volume in the entire Houston area) is formed as a result of O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    removal by NO. The results suggest that consideration of regulatory control of O\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    precursor emissions from the industrial sources is essential to formulate ozone abatement strategies in this region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401484101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,14]],"date-time":"2004-04-14T20:13:28Z","timestamp":1081973608000},"page":"6346-6350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":171,"title":["Industrial emissions cause extreme urban ozone diurnal variability"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Renyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenfang","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuexi","family":"Tie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX 77843; and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5314.916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058113"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JD000932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3420404"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"1467","volume":"29","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kleinman, L. 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