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Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of CSTX-13, a neurotoxic enhancer in the spider venom.\n                    <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic>\n                    elucidation of the disulfide bridge pattern of CSTX-13 and the neurotoxin CSTX-1 by tandem MS revealed an identical arrangement. However, in contrast to CSTX-1, CSTX-13 is a two-chain peptide with two interchain and two intrachain disulfide bridges. Furthermore, the insecticidal activity of CSTX-13 is synergistically increased in the presence of K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions as well as of the cytolytic peptide cupiennin 1a. We demonstrated that the weakly neurotoxic CSTX-13 enhances the paralytic activity of the neurotoxin CSTX-1 by 65% when it is administered with the latter at its entirely nontoxic physiological concentration, which is 440 times below its LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    concentration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402226101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,23]],"date-time":"2004-07-23T21:38:06Z","timestamp":1090618686000},"page":"11251-11256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["CSTX-13, a highly synergistically acting two-chain neurotoxic enhancer in the venom of the spider\n                    <i>Cupiennius salei<\/i>\n                    (Ctenidae)"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Benno","family":"Wullschleger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Kuhn-Nentwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tromp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Urs","family":"K\u00e4mpfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Schaller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Sch\u00fcrch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Nentwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","unstructured":"Loret E. & Hammock B. 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