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T cell-based vaccination, using glatiramer acetate (copolymer-1, a weak agonist of numerous self-reactive T cells), can overcome the behavioral and cognitive abnormalities that accompany neurotransmitter imbalance induced by (+)dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) or amphetamine. The results, by suggesting that peripheral T cell deficit can lead to cognitive and behavioral impairment, highlight the importance of properly functioning adaptive immunity in the maintenance of mental activity and in coping with conditions leading to cognitive deficits. These findings point to critical factors likely to contribute to age- and AIDS-related dementias and might herald the development of a therapeutic vaccination for fighting off cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402268101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,12]],"date-time":"2004-05-12T20:13:33Z","timestamp":1084392813000},"page":"8180-8185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":454,"title":["T cell deficiency leads to cognitive dysfunction: Implications for therapeutic vaccination for schizophrenia and other psychiatric conditions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Kipnis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; and Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagit","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; and Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Cardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; and Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaniv","family":"Ziv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; and Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; and Ministry of Health Mental Health Center, Anxiety and Stress Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer Sheva, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01067-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00370-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00061-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000070665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-003-0414-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-999-0007-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Rummel C. 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